The period between the Crimean War of 1853-56 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 was one of the most important periods to leave its mark on the second half of the nineteenth century. This interwar period significantly affected international developments across Eastern Europe, Russia and the Ottoman Empire at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. In that period, the dominant feature of Russian foreign policy towards the Ottoman Balkans was its pan-Slavic inclinations. Russian official policy in that period, however, was distant from the pan-Slavic movement. The principal reason for this discrepancy was the pan-Slavic policies pursued by Russian Ambassador to Constantinople Nikolai Pavlovich Ignatiev and the Slavic Benevolent Committee, which ultimately shaped Russia's Balkan policy. Thus, in analysing Russia's Balkan policy in the interwar period, these two actors deserve particular attention.From the early twentieth century onwards, a number of scholarly studies have addressed the subject of Russia's pan-Slavic policies in the nineteenth century. These studies have, for the most part, either described the general political situation in Europe and the Balkans or focused on specific national, cultural or event-based themes. In Russia, many archives were only opened in the early 1990s. Therefore, prior to that time most studies on pan-Slavism did not incorporate Russian archival sources, or they could only benefit from the archives of other states. 1 These early studies focused on Russian expansionist policies and the pan-Slavic views of Russian philosophers and writers such as Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevskii, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevskii, Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov and Rostislav Andreevich Fadeev 2 More recent studies have included biographical works, such as those by Viktoriia Khevrolina, David MacKenzie and Ozhan Kapici. 3 These studies concentrate on Ignatiev's military and diplomatic career and activities. Although these works touch on Russia's pan-Slavic policies in the Balkans, their focus is rather on offering a general evaluation of the period's international relations. Denis Vovchenko and Jelena Milojkovic-Djuric have studied the formation of national identity among Balkan Slavs and the Russian influence on this process, discussing the national identity of the Balkan Slavic people in the context of pan-Slavism and Russian Orthodoxy. 4 Only a few studies have directly addressed the Slavic Benevolent Committee, including those by Sergei Nikitin, Aleksei Popovkin and Zdenko Zlatar. 5 They describe the administrative and institutional establishment of the Committee, but restrict themselves to matters concerning foreign policy. Nikitin, a Soviet historian, downplayed the committee's role as a political actor in the Balkans CONTACT Aslı Yi git G€ ulseven asliyigit.