Gender variations in clinical pain experience

Unruh, Anita M.

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00214-6

Cited by 1,336 publications

(855 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…Also consistent with previous studies, correlates of needle fear included younger age and female sex [18,19]. We found that parents under-reported needle fear in their children when compared to children's self-report.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Survey of the prevalence of immunization non-compliance due to needle fears in children and adults

Taddio

Ipp

Thivakaran

et al. 2012

Vaccine

392

311

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a b s t r a c tNeedle fears are a documented barrier to immunization in children and adults. There is a paucity of data, however, regarding the prevalence of needle fears and their impact on immunization compliance. In this cross-sectional survey, a convenience sample of parents (n = 883) and children (n = 1024) attending a public museum in Toronto, Canada answered questions about needle fears and non-compliance with immunization due to needle fear. Altogether, 24% of parents and 63% of children reported a fear of needles. Needle fear was the primary reason for immunization non-compliance for 7% and 8% of parents and children, respectively. Interventions aimed at improving education about, and access to, analgesic interventions during immunization injections performed in childhood are recommended in order to prevent the development of needle fears and vaccine non-compliance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Survey of the prevalence of immunization non-compliance due to needle fears in children and adults

Taddio

Ipp

Thivakaran

et al. 2012

Vaccine

392

311

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“…Di erent ways of expressing pain might have an impact on the choice of pharmacologial treatment, but in our study the di erences in choice of analgesics cannot be explained thus, since men and women described their pain very similarly. In the extensive review by Unruh in 1996 18 she declares that no evidence for gender di erences in the amounts of analgesics used has been found in non-SCI populations, but our ®ndings were in contrast to this. 53.8% of the women used one or more pain relieving drug compared to 27.7% of the men.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…25 In non-SCI populations, women often report more numerous pain locations than men 17,19 and more severe pain. 18 This was not the case in our study, where no di erences were found. But the greater prevalence of pain in women in our population of 456 individuals is supported by epidemiological studies of gender di erences in general.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Gender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals

et al. 2003

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Study design: Out of a population of 456 patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI), 130 having pain were selected after matching, based on gender, age, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment grade and level of lesion. Objective: To investigate whether gender di erences with regard to pain perception and prevalence exist in a population of patients following spinal cord injury. Setting: Spinalis SCI Unit (out-patient clinic), Stockholm, Sweden. Method: 130 patients su ering from pain were assessed over a 12-month period in a yearly health control. Results: SCI women had a higher prevalence of nociceptive pain than men and their use of analgesics was greater. However, no di erences between the sexes could be seen regarding pain and localization, onset, distribution, factors a ecting pain, number of painful body regions, pain descriptors, ratings of pain intensities or in pain and life satisfaction. Conclusion: This study showed that SCI men and women describe their pain very similarly. However, SCI women had a higher prevalence of nociceptive pain than men and their use of opiates and non-steroid anti-in¯ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was greater.

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“…For example, some chronic diseases, including migraine, temporomandibular disorders, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and interstitial cystitis, are more prevalent in females [1,2]. Women usually display stronger pain perception and request more analgesics [3,4], while in pregnancy, increasing estrogen and progestogen have an anti-nociceptive role [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of estrogen receptor beta on P2X3 receptors during inflammation in rats

Jiang

Sun

et al. 2016

Purinergic Signalling

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Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has been shown to play a therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying how ERβ exerts therapeutic effects and its relationship with P2X3 receptors (P2X3R) in rats with inflammation is not known. In our study, animal behavior tests, visceromotor reflex recording, and Western blotting were used to determine whether the therapeutic effect of ERβ in rats with inflammation was related with P2X3R. In complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammation in rats, paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased which were then reversed by systemic injection of ERβ agonists, DPN or ERB-041. In 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats, weight loss, higher DAI scores, increased visceromotor responses, and inflammatory responses were reversed by application of DPN or ERB-041. The higher expressions of P2X3R in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of CFA-treated rats and those in rectocolon and DRG of TNBS-treated rats were all decreased by injection of DPN or ERB-041. DPN application also inhibited P2X3R-evoked inward currents in DRG neurons from TNBS rats. Mechanical hyperalgesia and increased P2X3 expression in ovariectomized (OVX) CFA-treated rats were reversed by estrogen replacements. Furthermore, the expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in DRG and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) and c-fos in SCDH were significantly decreased after estrogen replacement compared with those of OVX rats. The ERK antagonist U0126 significantly reversed mechanical hyperalgesia in the OVX rats. These results suggest that estrogen may play an important therapeutic role in inflammation through downregulation of P2X3R in peripheral tissues and the nervous system, probably via ERβ, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment of inflammation.

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Gender variations in clinical pain experience

Cited by 1,336 publications

References 230 publications

Survey of the prevalence of immunization non-compliance due to needle fears in children and adults

Survey of the prevalence of immunization non-compliance due to needle fears in children and adults

Gender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals

Inhibitory effect of estrogen receptor beta on P2X3 receptors during inflammation in rats

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