Gender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals

Budh, Cecilia Norrbrink; Lund, Irène; Hultling, Claes; Levi, Richard; Werhagen, Lars; Ertzgaard, Per; Lundeberg, Thomas

doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101407

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An earlier study has reported that women have higher prevalence of nociceptive pain after SCI. 11 It is possible that the results would have shown such difference also in this study if we had chosen to ask for neuropathic pain of significant importance rather than for neuropathic pain in general.…”

Section: Importance Of Studied Parameters For the Occurrence Of Neuromentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In their studies, Siddall et al 4,9 showed no correlation between either injury level or completeness of injury. Previous studies 10 showed that the incidence of neuropathic pain after SCI correlates positively with increasing age at injury and gender, 11 but could not demonstrate such associations with injury level and completeness of injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Many of those examined in this unit for the first time at the later time points within this range had moved into the geographic area and therefore had their first period of check-ups elsewhere. Some of the patients in this study were included also in earlier studies of different aspects of pain, using different sampling methods [10][11][12] and with partly other aims.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury – relations to gender, spinal level, completeness, and age at the time of injury

et al. 2004

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Study design: Retrospective register study. Objective: To investigate the predictive value of age at the time of injury, gender, level of injury, and completeness of injury for the development of at level and below level neuropathic pain. Setting: 'Spinalis', a postacute spinal cord injury (SCI) outpatient clinic, serving the greater Stockholm area (Sweden). Method: All patients who visited the clinic in 1995-2000 (402 patients) for the first time were examined. The following items were selected: at-level and below-level neuropathic pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria, age at the time of injury, gender, level of injury according to ASIA, and completeness of injury. Mean time of 6 years after the injury. Results were analysed with w 2 analysis and logistic regression. Results: Of all patients examined, 13% had at level pain and 27% had below level pain. Neuropathic pain was less than half as frequent (26%) in the group aged less than 20 years at the time of injury as in the oldest group (58%). The increasing trend was mainly due to belowlevel pain up to 39 years of age, and due to at-level pain at ages 40 and above at the time of injury. No correlation was observed to gender, level of injury or completeness of injury, except for below level pain, which was associated with complete injury. Conclusion:The results show that neuropathic pain after SCI is common and occurs much more often in patients injured at higher ages. This indicates the importance of neuroanalgetic intervention, in particular for patients injured in higher ages.

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Section: Importance Of Studied Parameters For the Occurrence Of Neuromentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury – relations to gender, spinal level, completeness, and age at the time of injury

et al. 2004

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“…11 We also did not find any significant differences in length of stay in rehabilitation unit, disability at admission and disability at discharge between men and women with NTSCL. Women with SCI tend to suffer more from pain 12 and depression. 13 In the present study, we did not notice any significant differences between men and women in these complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontraumatic spinal cord lesions: a prospective study of medical complications during in-patient rehabilitation

et al. 2005

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“…A higher female prevalence of nociceptive pain after SCI has been reported. 16,24 One possibility is that the males who suffered a traumatic SCI belong to a male subgroup that are more prone to develop neuropathic pain than other men, and are perhaps associated with a more risky way of living. This would not apply to men with nontraumatic SCI.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of neuropathic pain after non-traumatic spinal cord lesion

2006

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Study design: Retrospective register study. Objective: To investigate the predictive value of the following parameters for the development of neuropathic pain after non-traumatic spinal cord lesion: that is age at onset of spinal cord disease, gender, completeness of lesion, level of lesion, and aetiology. Setting: A unit for patients with post-acute traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord lesions in the greater area of Stockholm, Sweden. Method: All patients with non-traumatic spinal cord lesions visiting the unit between 1995 and 2000 were classified according to the following: that is neuropathic pain at or below lesion level according to IASP criteria, age at time of the onset of the spinal cord symptoms, injury level, complete/incomplete injury, and aetiology. Results were analysed with w 2 -analysis and logistic regression. Results: In total, 38% had neuropathic pain, 15% had pain predominantly at the level of lesion, and 23% predominantly below the level of lesion. Of those with pain, 67% reported that the pain affected daily life. Women reported neuropathic pain below the level of lesion more often (40%) than men (13%). The prevalence was particularly high (64%) for patients with malignant spinal cord diseases. Neither age at onset of the spinal cord symptoms, nor complete/ incomplete injury nor injury level had significant influence on the prevalence. Conclusion: Neuropathic pain is common among patients with acquired non-traumatic spinal cord lesions regardless of aetiology, often causing severe problems in daily life.

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Gender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury – relations to gender, spinal level, completeness, and age at the time of injury

Neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury – relations to gender, spinal level, completeness, and age at the time of injury

Nontraumatic spinal cord lesions: a prospective study of medical complications during in-patient rehabilitation

The prevalence of neuropathic pain after non-traumatic spinal cord lesion

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