Gender-sensitive public health risks and vulnerabilities’ assessment with reference to floods in Pakistan

Sadia, Haleema; Iqbal, Muhammad Jawed; Aḥmad, Junaid; Ali, Arshad; Ahmad, Anees

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.024

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The sample size was determined by the following formula, developed by Yamane [41]. This formula has been popularly used by researchers (see References [42][43][44][45][46][47]) for determining household sample size for livelihood research:…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

et al. 2019

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Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. In particular, its riverine-island (char) dwellers face continuous riverbank erosion, frequent flooding, and other adverse effects of climate change that increase their vulnerability. This paper aims to assess the livelihood vulnerability of riverine communities by applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability framework and the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI). Results indicate substantial variation in the vulnerability of char dwellers based on mainland proximity. The main drivers of livelihood vulnerability are char-dweller adaptation strategies and access to food and health services. The study further reveals that riverbank erosion, frequent flood inundation, and lack of employment and access to basic public services are the major social and natural drivers of livelihood vulnerability. Char-based policy focusing on short-and long-term strategy is required to reduce livelihood vulnerability and enhance char-dweller resilience.2 of 23 seasons are becoming drier. Challenges such as these are harmful not only to human life but also to the landscape that serves as the basis for successful agricultural activity, e.g., cropping patterns, pest infestations, crop yields, and water availability. Char dwellers regularly lose their agricultural assets, crops, livestock, and poultry, as well as the fiscal and human capital needed to maintain economic success and overall survival.Vulnerability is an emerging concept across disciplines, useful in understanding and assessing the status of people's condition in the face of natural hazards. The major characteristics of vulnerability are dynamic and influence people's social and biophysical processes and systems [2]. Significant mobilization is necessary from the government, nongovernmental organizations, researchers, and farmers to develop successful adaptation strategies [8,9]. The people of developing countries are a vulnerable community due to excessive dependency on agriculture and having low income [10]. However, these burdens may fuel the exploration of potential adaptive capacities of resource-poor communities [11,12]. The extent of people's susceptibility is increased due to the increasing vulnerability to natural hazards of almost all spheres of life, like the social, physical, human, financial, and natural dimensions [13,14]. Though the effect of natural hazards may be occasional, seasonal, or year-round [15,16], the extent of exposure is not the same for all communities.A context-specific approach is required for exploring and assessing vulnerability to draft proper policy and strategy at all administrative levels and reduce adverse effects on livelihoods [4,17,18]. The interaction between people and their biophysical and social environment is readily used to assess the development-policy framework by using specific indicators [19], representing context-specific adaptation strategies [20], to compare and monitor the extent of vulnerability over time, space, and reso...

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

et al. 2019

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“…In many instances, health and nutrition responders lacked the knowledge, or were not willing to follow established IFE protocols, all issues which undermined any support for appropriate infant feeding practices [ 18 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 42 – 44 ]. The high pre-crisis mixed-feeding (feeding of breastmilk and any other foods or liquids) rate of many affected populations and their preference for infant formula contributed to the difficulty of protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding as the safest and healthiest method of feeding infants [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 46 , 47 ]. Another major challenge involved breastfeeding misconceptions among mothers and families which often led to their decision not to pursue breastfeeding [ 25 , 26 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and challenges of infant feeding in disasters in middle- and high-income countries

2021

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Background Global evidence from the past 35 years confirmed the protective effect of breastfeeding and supported the guidance to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding practices, particularly in natural disaster and conflict settings. This study aimed to summarize the difficulties faced by disaster responders and mothers for optimal infant feeding during disasters in middle and high-income countries. Methods A scoping literature review was conducted by searching databases for peer-reviewed literature and grey literature published between January 2010 and December 2018 that focused on infant feeding in the aftermath of disasters. Only disasters that occurred in middle or high-income countries as defined by the World Bank for the 2018 fiscal year were included. Results The study found that a major challenge faced by organizations establishing infant feeding in emergencies (IFE) programs is the violation of The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes by other aid organizations and governments, such as acceptance of donated infant formula and untargeted distribution of formula. Additionally, many disaster responders were unfamiliar with IFE protocols. Mothers faced other barriers to breastfeed their infants during disasters. They often lacked privacy or spaces conducive to breastfeeding. Limited fluid and energy intake, stress, and exhaustion also deterred mothers from breastfeeding. Many challenges for responders and barriers mothers face for optimal infant feeding practices persist despite existing guidelines. Conclusions The findings of this study reveal the lack of IFE preparedness and response capacity in middle and high-income countries, and the need for governments and aid organizations to adapt guidelines and establish policies and programs to support infant feeding in emergencies.

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“…Despite these limitations, scholars have developed indices to quantify social vulnerability based on their interests. Some researchers use the percentage of women, racial groups or age average as indexes to estimate different levels of social vulnerability (Harvey et al, 2016;Jonkman et al, 2009;Sadia et al, 2016). Other scholars use variables linked with social vulnerability as independent variables in regression models (Działek et al, 2016); variables are simply ranked from lowest to 10 highest values (Flanagan et al, 2011) or using the weighted average to estimate social vulnerability (Adger and Vincent, 2005).…”

Section: Social Vulnerability and Natural Disastersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Time to Flood Events using a Social Vulnerability Index (ReTSVI)

Hofflinger¹,

Somos‐Valenzuela²,

Vallejos-Romero³

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Current methods used to estimate people's evacuation times during a natural disaster assume that human responses across different social groups are similar. However, individuals respond differently based on their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and previous knowledge. This article develops the Response Time by Social Vulnerability 10 Index (ReTSVI), which is a methodology to estimate how human response time to evacuation warnings during a natural hazard is affected by considering characteristics related to both physical and social vulnerability. ReTSVI is a three-step methodology: first we calculate a population's evacuation curves considering social vulnerability level, certain demographic information and a model that describes an inundation hazard. Then, we use a mobilization model to generate evacuation maps per level of vulnerability and we also estimate the social vulnerability index for the area of study. In the third step, we 15 combine the results from the second step to generate a map that indicates the percentage of people that could evacuate a hazard zone according to their social vulnerability level. Finally, we provide an example of the application of ReTSVI in a potential case of a severe flood event in Huaraz, Peru. The results show that during the first 5 minutes of the evacuation, the population that lives in neighborhoods with high social vulnerability evacuate 15% and 22% fewer people than the neighborhoods with medium and low social vulnerability. These differences gradually decrease over time after the 20 evacuation warning and social vulnerability becomes less relevant after 30 minutes. Using a methodology such as ReTSVI allows first responders to identify areas where the same level of physical vulnerability affects distinct groups differently, providing them with a tool to quantify the differences in time to evacuate and where the resources before and during an evacuation should be preferentially allocated. 25

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Gender-sensitive public health risks and vulnerabilities’ assessment with reference to floods in Pakistan

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

Barriers and challenges of infant feeding in disasters in middle- and high-income countries

Response Time to Flood Events using a Social Vulnerability Index (ReTSVI)

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