Gender Inequitable Masculinity and Sexual Entitlement in Rape Perpetration South Africa: Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study

Jewkes, Rachel; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Morrell, Robert; Dunkle, Kristin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029590

Cited by 248 publications

(226 citation statements)

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“…Children may perpetrate sexual violence, but in the teenage years rape becomes more common such that between a half and three quarters of men who ever rape first do so as teenagers [12][13][14][15] . After marriage or dating, some men use emotional, financial, physical or sexual violence against a wife or girlfriend, and violence often persists throughout the relationship, although it is most common at younger ages 15,16 .…”

Section: The Multiplicity Of Men's Use Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men's use of VAWG is closely related to their use of violence against other men, and in some cases their own experiences as victims 6,12,13,15,16 . Men who have been victims are more likely to perpetrate IPV or rape, although the majority of male victims do not subsequently perpetrate 12,13,16 .…”

Section: The Multiplicity Of Men's Use Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men who have been victims are more likely to perpetrate IPV or rape, although the majority of male victims do not subsequently perpetrate 12,13,16 . Men who are violent towards women and girls are much more likely to engage in violence against other men 12,13,16 . So it is not surprising that where VAWG is highly prevalent, male experiences of violence as victims are particularly common, as is male on male interpersonal violence.…”

Section: The Multiplicity Of Men's Use Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Boys who are exposed to abuse in early childhood become prone to aggression, impulsivity, and lack of empathy and remorse and are more likely to perpetrate violence 12,13,16,34,36 . They are over-represented in gangs, where aggressive youth congregate, engage in anti-social behaviour and adopt masculinities that emphasise dominance over women and violent competition between men 37 .…”

Section: Understanding the Connections: Men Masculinity And Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current discourse on evidence- When grouped together, many of these behaviours are rooted in expected practices or entitlements that flow from the hegemonic ideals that men should be strong, tough, in control over women and their bodies, heterosexual and sexually dominant. 12,15,16,68 . For example, key factors strongly associated with perpetration of IPV and non-partner rape include controlling behaviours towards women and inequitable gender attitudes, behaviours which emphasise (hetero)sexual prowess (transactional sex and having multiple sexual partners), and involvement in violence with men 12,16,69,70 (shaded in orange in Figure 2).…”

Section: Masculinities and Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: a conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls

Jewkes

Flood

Lang³

2015

The Lancet

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622

556

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(2015). From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: A conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls. The Lancet, 385 (9977), 1580-1589. From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: A conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls AbstractViolence perpetrated by and against men and boys is a major public health problem. Although individual men's use of violence differs, engagement of all men and boys in action to prevent violence against women and girls is essential. We discuss why this engagement approach is theoretically important and how prevention interventions have developed from treating men simply as perpetrators of violence against women and girls or as allies of women in its prevention, to approaches that seek to transform the relations, social norms, and systems that sustain gender inequality and violence. We review evidence of intervention effectiveness in the reduction of violence or its risk factors, features commonly seen in more effective interventions, and how strong evidence-based interventions can be developed with more robust use of theory. Future interventions should emphasise work with both men and boys and women and girls to change social norms on gender relations, and need to appropriately accommodate the differences between men and women in the design of programmes.Keywords social, changes, boys, men, work, against, violence, girls, prevention, women, shift, conceptual, relations, gender, inequities, reduction, norms AbstractViolence perpetrated by, and against, men and boys is a major public health problem. Whilst individual men's use of violence differs, engaging all men and boys in action against violence against women and girls (VAWG) is essential. We discuss why this is theoretically important and how it has evolved from men as perpetrators or as allies of women in VAWG prevention, to approaches that seek to transform the relations, norms and systems that sustain gender inequality and violence. We review evidence of interventions' effectiveness in reducing violence or its risk factors, features commonly found in more effective interventions, and discuss how stronger evidence-based interventions can be developed with more robust use of theory. Future interventions should emphasise working with men and boys as well as women and girls to change social norms on gender relations, and need to appropriately accommodate the differences among men and women in the design of programmes. VAWG is more common where men themselves experience higher levels of violence.  Interventions to address men's perpetration of VAWG vary greatly in terms of target groups, change objectives and methodology. Evidence on interventions solely with boys and men is limited, and most of it points to some measured attitudinal changes, but not necessarily change in violence perpetration or social norms. Future work should promote more programming with women...

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Section: The Multiplicity Of Men's Use Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%