Gender in obsessive–compulsive disorder: clinical and genetic findings

Löchner, Christine; Hemmings, Sı̂an M.J.; Kinnear, Craig; Moolman‐Smook, Johanna C.; Corfield, Valerie A.; Knowles, James A.; Niehaus, Dana J.H.; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(03)00063-4

Cited by 122 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…There are few functional MAOA polymorphisms that have been studied in OCD: one is a 30 bp VNTR in the encoding region (intron 1); another is a T to G substitution in the exon 8 (T941G) that, despite not leading to aminoacid change, results in high enzymatic activity; and a third is a T to C silent substitution in exon 14, in which the T allele is related to lower enzymatic activity (C1460T/EcoRV). Karayiorgou et al 56 and Lochner et al 21 have found an association, in independent studies and with independent polymorphisms, between men with OCD and high activity alleles of the MAO-A gene. Camarena et al 58 and Lochner et al, 21 pointed towards an association between low activity MAO-A alleles and woman with OCD.…”

Section: Genetics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Karayiorgou et al 56 and Lochner et al 21 have found an association, in independent studies and with independent polymorphisms, between men with OCD and high activity alleles of the MAO-A gene. Camarena et al 58 and Lochner et al, 21 pointed towards an association between low activity MAO-A alleles and woman with OCD. These findings depict a probable example of sexual dimorphism, although its significance is currently not clear, as IMAOs are not as effective as SSRIs in OCD treatment and the outcomes found were based on small samples and different populations.…”

Section: Genetics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…6,23,33 On the other hand, several studies found no gender differences regarding major depression comorbidity, which is the most common Axis I disorder in both genders. 21,22,24,25,37,47 In an Italian study, 19 men presented more social phobia, tic disorders, and hypomania episodes. In Brazil, Torresan et al 25 found more posttraumatic stress disorder and tic disorders among men, whereas women presented more simple phobias, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa), as well as more impulse control disorders in general, particularly skin picking and "compulsive" shopping.…”

Section: Phenotypical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, findings have not been conclusive. For example, the same polymorphism of the gene 5HT1Dbeta [Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) G861C] was associated with OCD in males in two studies, one found association with the C allele, 21 and the other with the G allele. 49 However, the second study 49 evaluated only males, not allowing an unequivocal association.…”

Section: Genetics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a literature review

Mathis

Alvarenga

Funaro

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

146

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Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition, in which subtypes have been proposed. Previous studies suggested that gender plays a relevant role in OCD phenotypic expression. This study aimed to review the literature on gender differences in clinical, genetic or familial aspects of OCD. Method: A conventional review was conducted, including all papers that investigated demographic, clinical, and genetic aspects of OCD according to gender. The search was based on data available in Medline and PsycINFO databases in the last 20 years, using as keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder; and: gender, sex, male, female, demographic characteristics, clinical features, clinical characteristics, genetic, genes, genetics gender OCD, genes OCD, genes OCD males, genes OCD females. Results: Sixty three of 487 phenotypical and genetics studies were selected. Most studies indicate that male patients are more likely than females to be single, present early onset of symptoms and chronic course of the disorder, greater social impairment, more sexual-religious and aggressive symptoms, and greater comorbidity with tic and substance use disorders. Female patients present more contamination/cleaning symptoms and greater comorbidity with eating and impulse-control disorders. Genetic and family studies are inconclusive, but suggest that gender may play a role in the disease expression. Conclusions: Gender is a relevant factor that should be taken into account when evaluating OCD patients. More studies are necessary to determine whether in fact it defines a homogeneous and particular group in OCD. ©2011 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. Gender differences in obsessive- DesCRIPToRs:Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Gender identity; Sex; Phenotype; Genetics. ReVIeW ARTICLe 391Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a literature review Diferenças de gênero no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: uma revisão da literatura ResumoIntrodução: O transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) é um quadro heterogêneo, no qual subtipos têm sido propostos. Estudos anteriores sugerem que gênero desempenha papel relevante na expressão fenotípica. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão convencional da literatura sobre diferenças de gênero em relação a aspectos clínicos e genéticos ou familiares do TOC. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão convencional da literatura incluindo todos os artigos que investigaram aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e genéticos do TOC, de acordo com o gênero. A pesquisa foi baseada em publicações disponíveis nas bases de dados Medline e PsycInfo nos últimos 20 anos, usando como palavras-chave: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), e: gender, sex, male, female, demographic characteristics, clinical features, clinical characteristics, genetic, genes, genetics gender OCD, genes OCD, genes OCD males, genes OCD females. Resultado: Sessenta e três artigos de fenótipo e genética foram selecionados. Na maioria dos estudos, o sexo masculino associou-se mais que o feminino com: ser solteiro, ap...

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Section: Genetics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Genetics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Phenotypical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Genetics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a literature review

Mathis

Alvarenga

Funaro

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Prevalence differences between the genders of OCD patients have been previously reported. [130][131][132] Yamada et al 133 showed that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) regulates neurotransmission and that overexpression of UCP2 prevents dopamine transmission in the CNS. Knockdown of the UCP2 gene increases mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production in murine endothelial cells.…”

Section: Obsessive-compulsive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria and the central nervous system: searching for a pathophysiological basis of psychiatric disorders

Streck

Gonçalves

Furlanetto

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Introduction: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been postulated to participate in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, but there is no consensus as to its role. The aim of this paper is to review recent studies and to outline the current understanding of the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders. Methodology: We reviewed articles that evaluated mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, and the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and development of these disorders. Results: Evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial morphology, brain energy metabolism, and mitochondrial enzyme activity may be involved in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric disorders, given their key role in energy metabolism in the cell. Conclusions: Understanding the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and development of psychiatric disorders may help establish more effective therapeutic strategies for these disorders and thus lead to better outcomes for affected subjects.

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Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy of Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

Rapoport

Inoff‐Germain

2007

Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology

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Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of unwanted, senseless, intrusive and distressing thoughts, urges and images (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). While classified as an anxiety disorder in DSM‐IV, OCD is given a separate chapter here as the clinical phenomenology, drug treatment response, family studies, and brain imaging data support a separate neurobiological classification for this disorder and a distinct neuropharmacologic profile as well. Our current understanding of its underlying neurobiology as well as the state of treatment for OCD is provided through a selective review of OCD‐related (1) brain imaging studies, (2) genetic studies, (3) animal models, (4) psychopharmacology, including immunomodulatory treatment, and (5) experimental non‐pharmacological treatments such as neurosurgery, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation.

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Gender in obsessive–compulsive disorder: clinical and genetic findings

Cited by 122 publications

References 77 publications

Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a literature review

Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a literature review

Mitochondria and the central nervous system: searching for a pathophysiological basis of psychiatric disorders

Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy of Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder

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