Gender in Adolescence: Applying a Person-in-Context Approach to Gender Identity and Roles

Clemans, Katherine H.; DeRose, Laura M.; Graber, Julia A.; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1465-1_25

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…During childhood and emerging adulthood exploration of different life situations (e.g., college and first working experience; Arnett, 2000Arnett, , 2007, career exploration and initial career decision making (e.g., Rogers & Creed, 2011;Swanson & D'Archiardi, 2005) are central. The gender-intensification hypothesis states that in adolescence, an acceleration of socialization in traditional GRA takes place (Clemans, DeRose, Graber, & Brooks-Gunn, 2010;Galambos, 2009;Hill & Lynch, 1983;Pettitt, 2004). Peers (Galambos, 2009;Hill & Lynch, 1983;Pettitt, 2004;Priess & Lindberg, 2011), parents (Galambos, 2009;Hill & Lynch, 1983;Priess & Lindberg, 2011), and schools (Galambos, 2009;Hill & Lynch, 1983) are mostly named as critical social agents in this process.…”

Section: Research Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

et al. 2016

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Because of the importance of gender role attitudes (GRA) for both academic and social outcomes, it is crucial to understand how GRA is constructed and changes over time. A systematic literature review was conducted to look into the relationship between youngsters' GRA and individual, home, and school characteristics. Thirty-five international studies were identified through searches in different databases. The review reveals that the studies mostly apply a deterministic view to studying the construction of GRA, focusing predominantly on parent-child transmission. Effects of the school environment and individuals' own life experiences are under-studied. Also, data are mostly cross-sectional and leave little room for investigating evolutions of GRA over time. Suggestions for future research are formulated focusing on (a) a life-course approach that considers GRA as situated, experience-related, and therefore changing over time and (b) an intersectionality-informed approach investigating GRA at the intersects of multiple diversity dimensions.

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Section: Research Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

et al. 2016

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“…This is in line with the gender intensification hypothesis, which suggests that, as youth move into adolescence, they experience increased social pressure to behave in gender-differentiated ways (Hill & Lynch, 1983), and this intensification may be maintained throughout young adulthood. However, others have suggested that conformity to peer pressure peaks in early adolescence and declines thereafter (Clemans, DeRose, Graber, & Brooks-Gunn, 2010). Thus, young adults may no longer feel such intense pressure to conform to traditional gender roles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring dual gender typicality among young adults in the United States

Andrews

Martin

Cook

et al. 2019

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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The goal of the current study was to better understand the development of gender typicality in young adulthood by applying the dual-identity approach to gender typicality, previously developed with children, to a university sample. Participants ( n = 215, Mage = 20.20 years; 62% female) were asked to rate their perceived similarity to both own- and other-gender peers. They also completed questionnaires assessing sexist attitudes, internalized sexualization (females), adherence to male-typed behaviors in the context of interpersonal relationships (males; adherence to physical toughness and restrictive emotional expressivity), gender-based relationship efficacy, friendships, self-esteem, social self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Results indicated that self-perceived gender typicality involves comparisons to both gender groups, and that meaningful typologies can be created based on similarity to own- and other-gender groups. As with children, results indicated that identifying with one’s own gender was advantageous in terms of low social anxiety and relationships with own-gender peers. For adults who identified with both own- and other-gender peers, we identified additional social benefits (i.e., efficacy and friendships with other-gender peers). Further, we identified a downside to own-gender typicality: individuals who identified only with their own gender had more sexist attitudes than those who identified with the other gender. Findings support the viability of the dual-identity approach in young adults, and have implications for researchers assessing gender typicality across development.

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“…Females are known to have lower orthostatic tolerance compared to males (Meendering et al, 2005), with a 5:1 predominance of POTS (Low et al, 2009) and more than twice the incidence of syncope (Wieling et al, 2004). Since the initiation of puberty is prompted by a rise in activity of the HPG axis inducing changes in sex hormones (Clemans et al, 2010), it may be that some of the increased susceptibility to autonomic dysfunction in pubertal females could be attributed to hormonal changes occurring during this stage. Indeed, females with known VVS are reported to experience significant improvements in their symptoms with the introduction of hormonal therapy (Boehm et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal Hormonal Changes and the Autonomic Nervous System: Potential Role in Pediatric Orthostatic Intolerance

et al. 2019

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Puberty is initiated by hormonal changes in the adolescent body that trigger physical and behavioral changes to reach adult maturation. As these changes occur, some adolescents experience concerning pubertal symptoms that are associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Vasovagal syncope (VVS) and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are common disorders of the ANS associated with puberty that are related to orthostatic intolerance and share similar symptoms. Compared to young males, young females have decreased orthostatic tolerance and a higher incidence of VVS and POTS. As puberty is linked to changes in specific sex and non-sex hormones, and hormonal therapy sometimes improves orthostatic symptoms in female VVS patients, it is possible that pubertal hormones play a role in the increased susceptibility of young females to autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this paper is to review the key hormonal changes associated with female puberty, their effects on the ANS, and their potential role in predisposing some adolescent females to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions such as VVS and POTS. Increases in pubertal hormones such as estrogen, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 promote vasodilatation and decrease blood volume. This may be exacerbated by higher levels of progesterone, which suppresses catecholamine secretion and sympathetic outflow. Abnormal heart rate increases in POTS patients may be exacerbated by pubertal increases in leptin, insulin, and thyroid hormones acting to increase sympathetic nervous system activity and/or catecholamine levels. Given the coincidental timing of female pubertal hormone surges and adolescent onset of VVS and POTS in young women, coupled with the known roles of these hormones in modulating cardiovascular homeostasis, it is likely that female pubertal hormones play a role in predisposing females to VVS and POTS during puberty. Further research is necessary to confirm the effects of female pubertal hormones on autonomic function, and their role in pubertal autonomic disorders such as VVS and POTS, in order to inform the treatment and management of these debilitating disorders.

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Gender in Adolescence: Applying a Person-in-Context Approach to Gender Identity and Roles

Cited by 7 publications

References 153 publications

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

Exploring dual gender typicality among young adults in the United States

Pubertal Hormonal Changes and the Autonomic Nervous System: Potential Role in Pediatric Orthostatic Intolerance

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