“…In addition, teachers may act as role models for their students (see, among others, Carrington and Skelton, 2003;Gray and Leith, 2004;Holmlund and Sund, 2008). In regards to the second kind of results, students assigned to female teachers perform better since female teachers tend to be more supportive, provide a more positive classroom atmosphere, and tend to use a more student-oriented style of teaching stressing the importance of motivation (see Stake and Katz, 1982;Singer, 1996;Krieg, 2005;Nelson Laird, 2011). Below we summarize some of the existing evidence for primary and secondary education (middle and high school).…”