Gender Equality and Electoral Politics on the Left: A Comparison of El Salvador and Nicaragua

Luciak, Ilja A.

doi:10.2307/166300

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The literature, however, specifies various groups of women responsible for articulating quota demands, including grassroots women's movements who work both nationally and internationally to promote women's political participation (Baldez 2004a; Bih‐er et al. 1990; Lokar 2003; Schmidt 2003b; Tripp 2003); cross‐partisan networks among women who make connections with each other through national and international women's gatherings, or through transnational women's networks, to exchange information on successful strategies for increasing women's representation (Bruhn 2003; Lubertino Beltrán 1992; Myakayaka‐Manzini 2002); women's organizations inside political parties who propose specific quota policies or draw on gains made by women in other parties to press for changes within their own parties (Connell 1998; Christensen 1999; Luciak 1998; Tripp 2001); individual women inside political parties who lobby male leaders to promote female candidates (Abou‐Zeid 2003; Araújo 2003; Bonder & Nari 1995; Caul 2001a); and women involved with the national women's machinery who support gender quotas as a means of accomplishing their broader goal of women‐friendly policy change (Chama 2001; Costa Benavides 2003; García Quesada 2003).…”

Section: Four Stories On Quota Adoptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis

Krook

2007

European J Political Res

121

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Abstract. Quotas for women in politics have diffused rapidly around the globe in recent years, with political parties and national legislatures in more than a hundred countries adopting – or debating the adoption of – reserved seats, party quotas or legislative quotas to increase the selection of female candidates to political office. These developments have sparked an explosion of research on candidate gender quotas. However most of this work focuses on single cases and reflects little awareness of developments in other countries around the world. As a result, the findings in one case are often contradicted in other studies, revealing few clear patterns with regard to the origins and outcomes of gender quota policies. To foster a more cumulative research agenda, this article approaches quotas as a global phenomenon and elaborates a framework for analyzing and comparing the actors, motivations and contexts at work in specific quota reforms.

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Section: Four Stories On Quota Adoptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis

Krook

2007

European J Political Res

121

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“…Many scholars have contributed to a framework for examining the relationship between women's institutional participation, women's organisations, and democratisation in a wide variety of cases, has generated a substantial body of data and analysis about women's participation in democratic politics (e.g., Alvarez, 1990;Bystydzienski, 1992;Jaquette, 1994;Nelson and Chowdhury, 1994;Waylen, 1994). The cross national research on gender politics includes case studies in both advanced industrial democracies (Bystydzienski, 1995;Swers, 1998;Thomas, 1991;Young, 1997) and in developing post-transition democracies (Saint-Germain, 1993Jones, 1996Jones, , 1998Jaquette and Wolchik, 1998;Luciak, 1998;Jones and Navia, 1999). A number of cross-national studies within edited volumes advance regional analysis and cross-regional analysis (e.g., Bystydzienski, 1992;Waylen, 1993;Nelson and Chowdhury, 1994;Mazur and Stetson, 1995;Rai and Lievesley, 1996;Jaquette and Wolchik, 1998;Randall and Waylen, 1998;Craske, 1999).…”

Section: Electoral Systems and Gender Quotasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Gender Quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile

Gray

2003

Bull Latin American Res

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This comparative case study examines the role of electoral quotas for increasing women's representation in Argentina and Chile. The Central hypothesis is that gender quotas in favourable electoral systems increase women's representation, and a corollary hypothesis is that more women in politics should also promote gender issues in public policy. Since the transitions to democratic regimes, many Argentine and Chilean women still promote gender issues, such as gender quotas, but the different transitions shaped the opportunity space for gender issues in politics. Thus, gender quotas can be effective, but the types of electoral and quota systems are important defining conditions and improvements in gender issues are not guaranteed.

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“…We do not refer to all the texts that emerged from the searches but focus on those that provide grounded information about context and people's ‘lived’ experiences. One subset of the literature we reviewed looks at how women are elected and how elected women function within the formal political systems (Boyd, ; Howard‐Merriam, ; Geisler, ; Tripp, , , ; Luciak, ; Tamale, ; Lovenduski and Karam, ; Johnson et al., ; Lindberg, ; Rajasingham‐Senenayake, ; Ahmed‐Ghosh, ; Bauer and Britton, ; Krook, ; Kandiyoti, , ; Moghadam, ; Adams, ; Bauer, , ; Burnet, ; Devlin and Elgie, ; Waylen, 2006, 2007, ; Blaydes and El Tarouty, ; Hughes, ; Mushemeza, ; Abdullah, ; Abdullah and Aisha, ; Agarwal, ; Fleschenberg, ; Kantengwa, ; Khattak, ; Krook et al., ). This literature focuses on political representation through electoral systems.…”

Section: An Assessment Of the Evidence That Women's Formal Political mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Global Policy to Local Knowledge: What is the Link between Women's Formal Political Participation and Gender Equality in Conflict‐affected Contexts?

Seckinelgin

Klot

2013

Global Policy

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We report findings from a systematic review of literature on women's formal political participation in fragile and conflict-affected states. In many postconflict contexts, quotas for women's formal participation are introduced as part of restructuring the political and social landscape. While many women take part in formal politics, many more still experience inequalities determined by their gender positions. Our analysis assesses the evidence used to substantiate the support for the prevailing global policy prescription for women's participation in formal political structures and the impact of this on general gender equality. We explore the association and relevance between the available knowledge, evidential claims based on these and the prevailing policy and practice to advance gender equality. Good policies require in-depth knowledge about the field within which policies intervene. One of our central findings is that the research continues to produce knowledge about the mechanisms that help to elect women rather than knowledge on the gender outcomes of these processes within the larger society. Policy Implications• Do not assume that once women are elected gender-equality outcomes are a foregone conclusion. Knowledge is needed to identify mechanisms and local pathways that are effective in producing desired gender outcomes.• Policy makers should consider the link between available knowledge and their policy aims. Knowledge is needed on the conditions in postconflict situations under which women participate in political systems and on how quotas are interacting with these existing relations.• Policy makers need to consider factors that (dis)enable and/or motivate women to participate in formal and informal political processes and to assess the circumstances under which international peace building strategies and the implementation of gender policies help or hinder women's peace building efforts. Does women's formal political participation increase gender equality in fragile and conflict-affected contexts? If the answer to this question could be surmised from the groundswell of international policy, practice and activism to increase women's formal political participation, it would certainly be affirmative. From the UN's first call 20 years ago to establish targets for increasing the proportion of women in political leadership positions, to their emergence as a measure of gender equality within the Millennium Development Goals, increasing women's formal political participation has become a central issue for democratic governance and gender equality. Supporting women's political participation is also becoming a central strategy in bilateral aid policies (see DFID, 2011). However, as the recent scholarship argues, the research in the field has focused mostly on processes of creating quotas for elections and mechanisms of elections, leaving questions as to the link between these processes and gender equality at large unanswered (Bush, 2011;Franceschet et al., 2012).In this article we reflect on the findings of a sy...

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Gender Equality and Electoral Politics on the Left: A Comparison of El Salvador and Nicaragua

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis

Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis

Electoral Gender Quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile

From Global Policy to Local Knowledge: What is the Link between Women's Formal Political Participation and Gender Equality in Conflict‐affected Contexts?

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