Gender discrimination of Populus tomentosa barks by HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistics

Abstract

A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint method with multivariate statistical analyses was applied to discriminate the male and female barks of Populus tomentosa for the first time. The samples of 11 male and 13 female barks of mature P. tomentosa were collected in Beijing. The chemical fingerprint of methanol extract was established by HPLC method with diode array detector (DAD). The principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were applied to discriminate male and female barks based on the area of common peaks identified in HPLC fingerprints. A clear grouping trend (R2X, 0.83; Q2, 0.595) among the male and female samples was exhibited by PCA score plot. Two groups were clearly divided into male and female samples by HCA. Both male and female samples were well discriminated with OPLS‐DA (R2X, 0.775; Q2, 0.795). Seven potential chemical markers were screened by variable importance in projection (VIP values >1.0) of OPLS‐DA model and four of them were identified as micranthoside, siebolside B, sakuranin, and isosakuranin. The HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analyses could be used to discriminate the gender of barks of P. tomentosa and revealed the differences in chemical components, which enriched the basic studies on dioecious plant.

Gender Discrimination of Flower Buds of Mature Populus tomentosa by HPLC Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics

“…According to the standard and literature, combined with the polarity, 14 compounds were identified in Table 2 and Table S4 (Figures S3 – S18 ) [ 21 , 34 – 40 ]. The retention times at 8.91, 13.76, 17.37, and 18.14 min corresponded to the peaks 4, 9, 14, and 15 in the HPLC fingerprint by comparing the peak area, polarity, and spectrum.…”

“…The content of micranthoside in the male samples was lower than that in the female samples. The content of sakuranin, siebolside B, and isograndidentatin A was higher in the male barks than in the female barks [ 21 ]. The differences in volatile components of mature P. tomentosa flower buds were studied by HS-SPME-GC-MS, which showed that the content of four compounds was different, containing benzyl benzoate, 2-cyclohexen-1-ketone, methyl benzoate, and benzoate.…”

Multivariate Statistical Analysis Uncovers Spectrum–Effect Relationship between HPLC Fingerprints and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron

“…Recently, fingerprints combined with multivariate statistical analysis have been used to classify and discriminate different TCMs sources successfully [34]. In the current study, the spectrum of sample S4 was used as the reference spectrum, and the representative HPLC fingerprints of 21 batches of saffron were established as shown in Figures 2(a e generated representative fingerprints were showed in Figures 2(c) and 2(d).…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Coupled with Chemometrics for Leaves and Stem Barks of Dioecious Morus alba L.

“…Large differences exist in biological features between the male and female individuals of dioecious plants, such as physiological, biochemical, and ecological adaptability [12][13][14]. Recently, research have been carried out on the chemical differences and discrimination of male and female individuals of dioecious plants such as barks and flower buds of Populus tomentosa with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) in combination with chemometrics [14][15][16]. For M. alba, research on male and female individuals of M. alba focused on sex determination mechanisms and effects of the environment on mulberry saplings' growth [17,18].…”