Gender Differences in the Victim–Offender Relationship for On- and Offline Youth Violence

Abstract

Youth violence affects millions of young people in the United States every day, and violent victimization has significant consequences for mental and physical health, academic performance, and long-term well-being. Forms of youth violence such bullying and teen dating violence (TDV) are often studied separately from one another with disjointed attention paid to on- and offline aggression. Furthermore, gender differences in the victim/offender overlap for these diverse forms of aggression have been understudied. This is notable given research demonstrating that boys and girls engage in diverse forms of aggression as a result of different gendered socialization processes. This study uses a sample of 5,647 middle and high school students in three states to assess gender differences in the victim–offender relationship across on- and offline modalities of bullying and TDV. Descriptive results show significant gender differences for bullying and dating violence victimization and perpetration experiences. Multivariate regression models indicate that the victim–offender relationship varies by the type of aggression and modality in question. Furthermore, gender significantly interacts with certain forms of dating violence and bullying victimization to influence the risk of perpetration. The results underscore the importance of youth violence prevention strategies that account for gender differences across the spectrum of on- and offline peer relationships.

A Network Approach to Examining Co-occurring Victimization and Perpetration in Dating Abuse Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adolescents

“…This threshold was a balance between obtaining networks that would not be too dense or too sparse to reveal structural co-occurrences. Considering the research on the gender parity in ADA experiences [7,15,16], we constructed ADA networks for the entire sample (including all gender identities) and separately for female and male adolescents. No separate networks could be estimated for other genders because of a small sample size (n ¼ 11).…”

“…An additional dimension of ADA requiring more empirical work concerns gender differences [12,13]. Although research has identified the co-occurring nature of victimization and perpetration across genders [2,6,14], several studies found gender differences in ADA experiences [7,15,16]. For example, some research finds that boys and men are more likely to perpetrate ADA than girls and women, who are more likely to experience victimization [4].…”

Cyber Risks Awaiting Children and Young People in the 21st Century

“…Literatürde, siber flört şiddetinde cinsiyet farklılıklarına dair farklı kanıtlar mevcuttur. Bazı çalışmalar, her iki cinsiyetin çift yönlü (erkek veya kadın) bu tür davranışlara katıldığını bildirirken (Semenza 2019, Zweig ve ark. 2013, bazı çalışmalar da erkeklerin genellikle kadın partnerlere kıyasla daha yüksek oranda siber ortamda cinsel kötüye kullanım yaptıkları bildirmektedir (Zweig ve ark.…”

Relación entre el abuso cara a cara y digital en el noviazgo con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes mexicanos

“…Respecto a las diferencias por sexo tanto para el abuso cara a cara como para el abuso digital, los resultados no son concluyentes 21 . Existen estudios que reportan que las mujeres son quienes reciben mayor victimización 22 , sin embargo, otras investigaciones indican que son los hombres 23 , mientras que otros antecedentes no han encontrado diferencias significativas 24,25 .…”