Gender Differences in the Relationship between Anger and Aggressive Behavior

Fahlgren, Martha K.; Cheung, Joey C.; Ciesinski, Nicole K.; McCloskey, Michael S.; Coccaro, Emil F.

doi:10.1177/0886260521991870

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“… Webster et al (2015) found high test–retest reliability among the four subscales indicating it measures a stable trait. Note that the instrument does not measure violent behavior but has been shown to be associated with delinquent behavior ( Jurczyk and Lalak, 2020 ), reactive aggressive behavior in a laboratory experiment ( Fahlgren et al, 2021 ), and aggressive acts ( Archer and Webb, 2006 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life With Corona: Increased Gender Differences in Aggression and Depression Symptoms Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Burden in Germany

et al. 2021

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Gender differences (GD) in mental health have come under renewed scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. While rapidly emerging evidence indicates a deterioration of mental health in general, it remains unknown whether the pandemic will have an impact on GD in mental health. To this end, we investigate the association of the pandemic and its countermeasures affecting everyday life, labor, and households with changes in GD in aggression, anxiety, depression, and the somatic symptom burden. We analyze cross-sectional data from 10,979 individuals who live in Germany and who responded to the online survey “Life with Corona” between October 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021. We estimate interaction effects from generalized linear models. The analyses reveal no pre-existing GD in aggression but exposure to COVID-19 and COVID-19 countermeasures is associated with sharper increases in aggression in men than in women. GD in anxiety decreased among participants with children in the household (with men becoming more anxious). We also observe pre-existing and increasing GD with regards to the severity of depression, with women presenting a larger increase in symptoms during the hard lockdown or with increasing stringency. In contrast to anxiety, GD in depression increased among participants who lived without children (women > men), but decreased for individuals who lived with children; here, men converged to the levels of depression presented by women. Finally, GD in somatic symptoms decreased during the hard lockdown (but not with higher stringency), with men showing a sharper increase in symptoms, especially when they lived with children or alone. Taken together, the findings indicate an increase in GD in mental health as the pandemic unfolded in Germany, with rising female vulnerability to depression and increasing male aggression. The combination of these two trends further suggests a worrying mental health situation for singles and families. Our results have important policy implications for the German health system and public health policy. This public health challenge requires addressing the rising burden of pandemic-related mental health challenges and the distribution of this burden between women and men, within families and for individuals who live alone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life With Corona: Increased Gender Differences in Aggression and Depression Symptoms Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Burden in Germany

et al. 2021

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“…A panel of 47 SNPs defined zygosity [64]. Men (n = 788) were included in the human genetic study as men, compared to women, display a substantially higher degree of provocation-induced [5] physical aggression [4]. Besides, overtaggression is less frequent in women of CATSS and the lower variation creates a reduced power of this sub-scale [63].…”

Section: Human Genetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While men and women are aggressive at a similar level, several sex-dependent differences exists [2,3]. Importantly, men are physically whereas girls more indirectly aggressive [4] and men rather than women show provocation-induced anger [5]. Besides, male gender is a high predictor of violent behaviors, and ~90% of all the convicted violent offenders are males [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors reduces the acquisition of aggression-like behaviors in male mice

et al. 2022

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Aggression is a complex social behavior, which is provoked in the defense of limited resources including food and mates. Recent advances show that the gut-brain hormone ghrelin modulates aggressive behaviors. As the gut-brain hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces food intake and sexual behaviors its potential role in aggressive behaviors is likely. Therefore, we investigated a tentative link between GLP-1 and aggressive behaviors by combining preclinical and human genetic-association studies. The influence of acute or repeated injections of a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, exendin-4 (Ex4), on aggressive behaviors was assessed in male mice exposed to the resident-intruder paradigm. Besides, possible mechanisms participating in the ability of Ex4 to reduce aggressive behaviors were evaluated. Associations of polymorphisms in GLP-1R genes and overt aggression in males of the CATSS cohort were assessed. In male mice, repeated, but not acute, Ex4 treatment dose-dependently reduced aggressive behaviors. Neurochemical and western blot studies further revealed that putative serotonergic and noradrenergic signaling in nucleus accumbens, specifically the shell compartment, may participate in the interaction between Ex4 and aggression. As high-fat diet (HFD) impairs the responsiveness to GLP-1 on various behaviors the possibility that HFD blunts the ability of Ex4 to reduce aggressive behaviors was explored. Indeed, the levels of aggression was similar in vehicle and Ex4 treated mice consuming HFD. In humans, there were no associations between polymorphisms of the GLP-1R genes and overt aggression. Overall, GLP-1 signaling suppresses acquisition of aggressive behaviors via central neurotransmission and additional studies exploring this link are warranted.

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“…In addition, aggressive videos revealed prominent gender-related patterns in γ -signals [ 20 ]. As well as, Fahlgren et al reported that aggression was significantly related to trait anger only for male [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even, parental support can have a positive effect, especially in relation to adolescent cognitive development and behavior in the school environment [ 4 ]. Almost half of all disciplinary referrals in schools are due to arguing with a teacher or principal or failing to comply with an instruction given by a teacher and aggressive behaviors [ 21 ]. The study done by Poling et al showed the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent aggression [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Theory-Based Educational Intervention on Reducing Aggressive Behavior among Male Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Kaveh

Ghaysari

Ghahremani

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. One of the most challenging issues in public health is preventing aggression and violent behavior, generally in the adolescent population. Intervention studies in this field, especially in Iran, were few. Moreover, their findings are controversial. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on reducing aggression among male students. Method. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The sample comprised 98 middle school students aged between 13 and 16 years ( 14.28 ± 0.7 ). Educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of five sessions of 45-60 minutes. Data were collected using two self-administered questionnaires to measure aggression and constructs of TPB. Data were analyzed using paired t -test, independent t -test, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results. After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in all TPB constructs except the subjective norms, compared to the control group ( p < 0.001 ). After two months of intervention, the mean score of the aggression behaviors in students in the experimental group showed a remarkable improvement in the experimental group, while the control group showed no significant difference. Conclusion. The findings of this study showed that the theory-based educational intervention was effective on the improvement of aggressive behavior. To achieve a significant change in perceived mental norms, more training sessions are recommended, and emphasis is placed on educating parents, peers, and school staff.

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Gender Differences in the Relationship between Anger and Aggressive Behavior

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Life With Corona: Increased Gender Differences in Aggression and Depression Symptoms Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Burden in Germany

Life With Corona: Increased Gender Differences in Aggression and Depression Symptoms Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Burden in Germany

Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors reduces the acquisition of aggression-like behaviors in male mice

The Effect of a Theory-Based Educational Intervention on Reducing Aggressive Behavior among Male Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

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