Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression among the Working Population of Nepal

Sherchand, Ojaswee; Sapkota, Nidesh; Chaudhari, Rajendra Kumar; Khan, Seraj Ahmed; Baranwal, Jouslin Kishore; Niraula, Apeksha; Lamsal, Madhab

doi:10.1155/2018/8354861

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Only a third of females aged 55-64 had no depression in 1994 and the incidence of major D peaked 18.6% in this age group. Investigators from Nepal found the prevalence of moderate depression is higher other levels and noted significant gender differences in the age group 41-65 years [13]. A similar picture is observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Sex Differences and Trends in Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Vital Exhaustion in Russia / Siberia from 1994 To 2017

Гафаров

Panov²,

Громова³

et al. 2021

ijmsci

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Purpose: To determine gender differences in trends of anxiety, depression and vital exhaustion levels in an open population aged 25-64 years over long-term period - 23 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1994-95 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n = 1527, 43% males, mean age 44.85 ± 0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34,9% males, mean age 54,25±0,2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43,8% males, mean age 34,5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 гг.( n=663, 41,3% years 51,95±0,32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. АААА-А17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Anxiety traits studied by means of the Spielberger test. Depression and vital exhaustion assessed by MOPSY questionnaires. Results: 2/3 of the female population aged 25-64 years had high level of anxiety traits in 1994. It was highest in the younger age groups. High anxiety was found in less than half of the surveyed men, increasing with age. The maximum values of anxiety were noted in 2003-2005 in both genders. The decrease in the incidence of high anxiety which began in 2013-2016, remained only in the female part of the population aged 35-64y but in men the prevalence of anxiety returned to the levels of 1994. Depression occurred in more than half of the female population in 1994. The overall prevalence among men was less than 30%. At the same time, the frequency of major D in women was 4-fold higher compared with men (p <0.001). Trends in prevalence in 2017 were mixed: a reduction in moderate levels and an increase in major depression in the youngest and oldest age groups. The prevalence of high vital exhaustion in 1994 was 14.6% and 31% in men and women 25-64 years, respectively (p <0.001). An increase in high exhaustion from younger to older age groups was noted in both sexes. The downward trend in exhaustion in 2017 persisted only among women. At that moment for the first time men began to report high exhaustion more often than women over 23-year of follow-up (16.9% and 15.6% for men and women 35-64y, respectively; n.s.). Conclusion: The prevalence of affective states is higher in females in general population. Long-term trends in decreasing the prevalence of anxiety, depression and vital exhaustion were not sustainable and returned to levels of 1994.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Sex Differences and Trends in Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Vital Exhaustion in Russia / Siberia from 1994 To 2017

Гафаров

Panov²,

Громова³

et al. 2021

ijmsci

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“…is may be attributed to the increasing number of women labour force in Nepal venturing outside the confines of the house, thus increasing their chances of sun exposure. [19] e gap between the gender further narrows as beauty products and sunscreens are increasingly been marketed to men, thus giving both genders equal chances with the sun both in terms of sun exposure and sun barrier. [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in Eastern Nepal: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

Sherchand

Baranwal

Gelal

2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective. To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the eastern part of Nepal and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with it. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 324 participants between the ages 18 and 65 years from the Sunsari and Morang districts of Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire helped obtain sociodemographic data followed by anthropometric measurements and blood sampling. 25(OH)D level was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) via a fully automated Maglumi 1000 analyzer (SNIBE Co., Ltd., China). Serum 25(OH)D was classified as deficient, insufficient, and sufficient (<20 ng/ml, 20–29 ng/ml, and 30–100 ng/ml, respectively). The chi-square test was used to analyze the sociodemographic variables followed by a post hoc analysis. Significant variables were subjected to multivariate logistic regression. Result. 181(55.9%) of the study population had vitamin D deficiency. There was significant association between vitamin D status and time of maximum sun exposure (chi square test = 11.1, p = 0.02 ), duration of sun exposure (chi-square test = 15.1, p = 0.004 ), type of meat intake (Fisher’s exact test is 16.4, p = 0.01 ), frequency of fish intake (Fisher’s exact test is 19.3, p = 0.001 ), and frequency of dairy intake (chi-square test=11.2, p = 0.02 ). In multivariate regression, consumption of dairy products ≥3/week had lower OR (95% CI) (0.3(0.1–0.8) p : 0.02 ) and weekly fish consumption had lower OR (95% CI) (0.06(0.008–0.6) p : 0.01 ) for vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was relatively high in eastern Nepal. This highlights the need to create public awareness regarding the importance of bare skin sun exposure, nutritional sources of vitamin D, and the need to implement food fortification policies by the government.

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“…This may be attributed to the increasing number of women labour force in Nepal venturing outside the confines of the house thus increasing their chances of sun exposure. [19] The gap between the gender further narrows as beauty products as sunscreens are increasingly been marketed to men thus giving both genders equal chances with the sun both in terms of sun exposure and sun barrier. [20] We found a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among people with dark brown skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Eastern Nepal: a community-based, cross-sectional study

Sherchand

Baranwal

Gelal

2022

Preprint

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ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Eastern part of Nepal and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with it.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 324 participants between the ages of 18 to 80 years from Sunsari and Morang districts of Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to obtain sociodemographic variables followed by anthropometric measurements and blood sampling. 25(OH)D level was measured by Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) technique via a fully automated Maglumi 1000 analyzer (SNIBE Co, Ltd, China). Serum 25(OH)D was classified as deficient, insufficient and sufficient (<20 ng/ml, 20-29 ng/ml and 30–100 ng/ml respectively). Chi square test was used to analyze the sociodemographic variables. Significant variables were subject to multivariate logistic regression.Result181(55.9%) of the study population had vitamin D deficiency. There was significant association between vitamin D status and gender (Chi-sq = 6.2, p=0.04), education (Chi-sq = 14.4, p=0.02), skin colour (Chi-sq = 17.9, p=0.001), sun exposure (Chi-sq = 11.1, p=0.02), duration of sun exposure (Chi-sq = 15.1, p=0.004), type of meat intake (Fischer’s exact test is 16.4, p=0.01), frequency of fish intake (Fischer’s exact test is 19.3, p=0.001), frequency of dairy intake (Chi-sq=11.2, p=0.02). In multivariate regression, OR (95% CI) for vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in women than men [3.0(1.3-7.0) p:0.008], education level up to primary school had lower OR(95% CI) [0.1(0.03-0.4) p:0.001] than higher education. Consumption of dairy products ≥3/week had lower OR(95% CI) [0.1(0.06-0.5) p:0.003.] Weekly fish consumption had lower OR(95% CI) [0.04(0.004-0.4) p: 0.007].ConclusionThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high in women of eastern Nepal.

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Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression among the Working Population of Nepal

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Sex Differences and Trends in Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Vital Exhaustion in Russia / Siberia from 1994 To 2017

Sex Differences and Trends in Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Vital Exhaustion in Russia / Siberia from 1994 To 2017

Epidemiology and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in Eastern Nepal: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

Epidemiology and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Eastern Nepal: a community-based, cross-sectional study

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