Gender Differences in PTSD: Susceptibility and Resilience

Hu, Jingchu; Biao, Feng; Zhu, Yonghua; Wang, Wenqing; Xie, Junxia; Zheng, Xifu

doi:10.5772/65287

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…These findings are in line with epidemiological research on gender and PTSD, which identifies women being diagnosed with PTSD approximately twice as often as men, independently of the number of traumatic experiences [92]. Further, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of Kisely et al, who collected 59 studies assessing the psychological reactions of healthcare staff in an outbreak of any emerging virus, identified gender (being woman) among the predisposing factors for PTSD and other psychological conditions [30].…”

Section: Outcome Of the Exploratory Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of post-traumatic symptomatology and anxiety among residential nursing and care home workers following the first COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy

et al. 2020

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The current COVID-19 pandemic has been officially linked to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people across the globe in just a few months. It is particularly lethal for the elderly in general, as well as for populations residing in long-term stay facilities. By this time, those working and caring for high-risk populations have been exposed to very intense and sudden levels of physical and psychological strain. The situation has taken a particularly tragic turn in residential nursing and care homes (NCH), which were hit hard by the pandemic. In residential NCH, neither residents nor workers tend to have immediate access to the same expertise, medication and equipment as in hospitals, which exacerbates an already tense situation. Among the mental health conditions related to exposure to potentially traumatic events, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety are the most prevalent and scientifically recognized. In this survey-based epidemiological study, we test the prevalence of anxiety and post-traumatic symptomatology in residential nursing and care home workers—a group of individuals that has been largely neglected but who nonetheless plays a very important and sensitive role in our society. We do this by focusing on the North of Italy, the most affected region during the first COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Using a single-stage cluster design, our study returns an estimate for the prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and/or post-traumatic symptomatology of 43% (s.e. = 3.09; 95% CI [37–49]), with an 18% (s.e. = 1.83; 95% CI [14–22]) prevalence of comorbidity among workers of Northern Italian NCH between 15 June and 25 July 2020 (i.e. 12–52 days after the end of national lockdown). Women and workers who had recently been in contact with COVID-19-positive patients/colleagues are more likely to report moderate-to-severe symptoms, with odds ratios of 2.2 and 1.7, respectively.

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Section: Outcome Of the Exploratory Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of post-traumatic symptomatology and anxiety among residential nursing and care home workers following the first COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy

et al. 2020

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“…These data could account for both the 75% women among our PTSD cohort and the disproportionate number of those experiencing severe PTSD. Interestingly, across various studies, women are about one-third less likely than men to report having experienced a trauma (69,70). These results suggest that the higher rate of PTSD among women cannot be attributed to a greater overall risk of trauma but to a greater vulnerability to PTSD (70).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly, across various studies, women are about one-third less likely than men to report having experienced a trauma (69,70). These results suggest that the higher rate of PTSD among women cannot be attributed to a greater overall risk of trauma but to a greater vulnerability to PTSD (70). While studies delineate more precisely the ways in which culture, and gender role, alone and in combination shape the gender differences of PTSD (71), neurobiological mechanisms may account for why women reported PTSD more often than men after a trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Biomarker of Severity?

et al. 2020

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Background: The psychophysiological changes for individual suffering from chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) raise to the questions of how facilitate recovery and return to work. Negative alterations in neuro-cognition remain a complaint for patients and participate to long-term functional impairments. Neurological soft signs (NSSs) appear as a candidate for better understanding these complaints. They have been reported in several mental disorders. They are found in several behavioral and/or neurocognitive disorders and are taken into account by psychiatric rehabilitation programs to support recovery. As few studies evaluate NSSs in PTSD, our exploratory study aims to assess NSSs in chronic PTSD and their relationships with PTSD severity.Method: Twenty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic PTSD were evaluated in terms of PTSD severity (post-traumatic checklist scale, PCL5), NSSs (NSSs psychomotor skills scale, PASS), and well-being upon arrival to the hospital and compared with 15 healthy subjects. Statistical non-parametric analyses assessed the relationships between these variables.Results: PTSD subjects exhibited higher NSSs compared with healthy subjects. NSSs were positively associated with PTSD severity, with negative alterations in cognition and mood, and with impairment in well-being. They were higher in women compared with men. No impact of age was found. Three groups were identified based on the severity of the PTSD. Severe PTSD exhibited NSSs characterized by motor integration alterations.Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that NSSs might be a biomarker of PTSD severity. This proof of concept highlights the need for further research for better evaluating the clinical neuro-functional impairment. This will be helping for defining neurological remediation for promoting PTSD recovery.

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“…Females also have perception of insufficient social support resources. Literature even explains gender differences in neuro-endocrine response that leads to higher risk of PTSD in women [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post traumatic stress disorder and coping strategies among adult survivors of earthquake, Nepal

Baral

K.C

2019

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequently reported psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of natural disasters. It is the main hindrance to rehabilitate their life. However its prevalence particularly in Nepal is largely unknown. Aims and objectives To investigate the prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder and use of coping strategies among the adult survivors of earthquake. Methods A cross- sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 291 adult survivors after 10 months of Nepal Earthquake 2015. Study setting was Nuwakot district with multistage sampling (cluster sampling and systematic random sampling) method. PTSD checklist-5 was used to measure PTSD, and adapted and modified brief cope scale was used to assess coping strategies. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and one-way ANOVA) at 5% level of significance. Results Study findings revealed that PTSD was prevalent among 24.10% of adult survivors with highest intrusion symptoms (3.24 ± 0.71). It was significantly associated with age ( p = 0.017), sex ( p = 0.013), education ( p < 0.0001) and injury to self ( p = 0.003). Elderly, females, illiterates and those who were injured during earthquake are at more risk for PTSD. Highest used coping strategy was active coping (2.92 ± 0.51). Survivors not having PTSD scored more on active coping ( p < 0.0001) and self distraction coping ( p = 0.006) while those with PTSD mostly used passive coping ( p < 0.0001), religious coping ( p < 0.0001) and substance use coping ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion Earthquake poses significant impact on mental health of the survivors. After 10 months of devastating earthquake, prevalence of PTSD among the survivors is high. Maladaptive coping strategies further increase possibility of PTSD. Effective screening and awareness program regarding promotion of positive coping strategies among the vulnerable groups should be reinforced for prevention of psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of earthquake.

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Gender Differences in PTSD: Susceptibility and Resilience

Cited by 28 publications

References 145 publications

Prevalence of post-traumatic symptomatology and anxiety among residential nursing and care home workers following the first COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy

Prevalence of post-traumatic symptomatology and anxiety among residential nursing and care home workers following the first COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy

Neurological Soft Signs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Biomarker of Severity?

Post traumatic stress disorder and coping strategies among adult survivors of earthquake, Nepal

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