Context: Metatarsal stress fractures are common in cleated-sport athletes. Previous authors have shown that plantar loading varies with footwear, sex, and the athletic task.Objective: To examine the effects of shoe type and sex on plantar loading in the medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), medial forefoot (MFF), middle forefoot (MidFF), and lateral forefoot (LFF) during a jump-landing task.Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-seven recreational athletes (14 men, 13 women) with no history of lower extremity injury in the last 6 months and no history of foot or ankle surgery.Main Outcome Measure(s): The athletes completed 7 jumping trials while wearing bladed-cleat, turf-cleat, and running shoes. Maximum force, contact area, contact time, and the force-time integral were analyzed in each foot region. We calculated 2 3 3 analyses of variance (a ¼ .05) to identify shoecondition and sex differences.Results: We found no shoe 3 sex interactions, but the MMF, LMF, MFF, and LFF force-time integrals were greater in men (P , .03). The MMF maximum force was less with the bladed-cleat shoes (P ¼ .02). Total foot and MidFF maximum force was less with the running shoes (P , .01). The MFF and LFF maximum forces were different among all shoe conditions (P , .01). Total foot contact area was less in the bladed-cleat shoes (P ¼ .01). The MMF contact area was greatest in the running shoes (P , .01). The LFF contact area was less in the running shoes (P ¼ .03). The MFF and LFF force-time integrals were greater with the bladed-cleat shoes (P , .01). The MidFF force-time integral was less in the running shoes (P , .01).Conclusions: Independent of shoe, men and women loaded the foot differently during a jump landing. The bladed cleat increased forefoot loading, which may increase the risk for forefoot injury. The type of shoe should be considered when choosing footwear for athletes returning to activity after metatarsal stress fractures.Key Words: athletic injuries, sex differences, lower extremity
Key PointsDuring a jump-landing task, the bladed-cleat increased forefoot loading and, potentially, injury risk compared with the turf-cleat and running shoes. For contact time (medial and lateral forefoot) and force-time integral (medial and lateral midfoot, medial and lateral forefoot), men demonstrated greater foot loading than women when performing the jump landing. When an athlete is returning to sport after a metatarsal stress fracture, selection of appropriate footwear is important.