Gender differences in long-term drug treatment outcomes in Chicago PETS

Grella, Christine E.; Scott, Christy K.; Foss, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2004.08.008

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Among client characteristics, being younger than 45 years of age, having a high school education or more, and being employed at baseline predicted a higher probability of being employed in the year after treatment index. Also, clients who began substance use in the age ranges of (11)(12)(13)(14), (15)(16)(17) and (18)(19)(20) were more likely to be employed than those reporting first use at 21 and older. On the other hand, clients who reported opiate use in the last 30 days and clients with a treatment index occurring during the fourth quarter in 2008 were significantly less likely to be employed in the year following their index.…”

Section: Multivariate Results For Other Client and Facility Charactermentioning

confidence: 97%

“…16 Men report higher employment rates at treatment entry, while women have shown a greater increase in employment after treatment than men, though their earnings from work do not increase as much as for men. 17,18 To conduct this analysis, the research team went beyond the more typical approach of analyzing administrative and client self-reported data from solely the substance abuse treatment system. Rather, analysts from the Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery in Washington State and academic partners collaborated to combine substance abuse treatment data with employment data that is reported on a quarterly basis and with data from state criminal justice agencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment and employment outcomes

Dunigan

2012

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Section: Multivariate Results For Other Client and Facility Charactermentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment and employment outcomes

Dunigan

2012

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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“…Research from a national treatment outcome study showed that drug treatment use among men was associated with stronger family opposition to their drug use and more support for treatment, whereas for women it was associated with more mental health problems and self-referral into treatment (Grella and Joshi 1999). Past research has also shown that women tend to enter treatment after fewer years of use but that they present to treatment with a more severe clinical profile and more problems related to mental health, family and interpersonal relationships, employment, and physical health (Grella, Scott et al 2003;McKay et al 2003;Stewart et al 2003;Wechsberg, Craddock, and Hubbard 1998).Third, treatment processes, retention, completion, and outcomes appear to be influenced by gender (Green 2006;Grella, Scott, and Foss 2005). Among patients treated in an HMO setting, Green, Polen, Dickinson, Lynch, and Bennett (2002) found that although time in treatment and rates of treatment completion did not differ by gender, different participant characteristics were related to retention and completion for males and females.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the subsequent analyses, there were no differences between men and women in the proportion who reported any alcohol or drug use at 36 months, but there were persistent gender differences in several areas of psychosocial functioning, including greater psychological distress among women and greater criminal justice involvement among men. Women continued to have lower rates of employment and to report more interpersonal problems than men, but they had greater increases in self-help participation (Grella et al 2005). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, treatment processes, retention, completion, and outcomes appear to be influenced by gender (Green 2006;Grella, Scott, and Foss 2005). Among patients treated in an HMO setting, Green, Polen, Dickinson, Lynch, and Bennett (2002) found that although time in treatment and rates of treatment completion did not differ by gender, different participant characteristics were related to retention and completion for males and females.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender Similarities and Differences in the Treatment, Relapse, and Recovery Cycle

Grella¹,

Scott

Foss

et al. 2008

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This study explores the influence of gender on changes in recovery status among participants in a longitudinal study. The study sample (N = 1,202; 60% female) is recruited on referral to treatment, and annual interviews are conducted from Years 2 to 6 following intake. At each annual observation, participants are classified into one of four statuses (recovery, treatment, incarcerated, and using), and the transitional probabilities and correlates of transitioning from one status to another are estimated. About 80% of the participants changed status at least once over the followup period. Women are one third less likely to transition from recovery to using; the predictors of transitioning to different statuses vary by gender. The implications of gender as a moderator of the recovery process are discussed. Keywords gender differences; longitudinal follow-up; relapse; transition; recovery The concept of addiction as a chronic disorder, requiring long-term management much like other chronic disorders, has been widely disseminated and generally accepted within the substance abuse treatment field (McLellan 2002;McLellan et al. 2000;McLellan et al. 2005). Yet this way of conceptualizing addiction is still lacking in detailed empirical description (Anglin, Hser, and Grella 1997;Anglin et al. 2001). In particular, there is limited understanding of how frequently individuals change from one status to another during the recovery cycle (e.g., from abstinence to using or vice versa or from using into treatment) or about the correlates that accompany these changes in status. Prior research has shown that a majority of individuals relapse at some point following a treatment episode, and many of them subsequently reenter treatment (Grella, Hser, and Hsieh 2003). To study addiction as a chronic disorder, it is useful to take a "life course perspective," in which drug use, treatment, relapse, and recovery are not viewed as discrete events but rather as stages in a cyclical process where prior experiences of drug use and treatment influence later experiences (Hser, Longshore, and Anglin 2007;Scott, Foss, and Dennis 2005;Williams 2003). . Women tend to initiate drug and alcohol use later than men but progress faster to dependence (Greenfield et al. 2007). Moreover, men and women are subject to different social influences on their initiation of substance use; women more often report that initiation occurs within the context of sexual or interpersonal relationships, whereas men are more likely to report experimentation or peer influence as the context for drug use initiation (Frajzyngier et al. 2007;. Gender Differences in Drug Use and Treatment ParticipationSecond, gender differences are evident in the processes related to treatment initiation, including the social influences that may support or inhibit treatment entry and the referral pathways into treatment Weisner and Schmidt 1992). Women are more likely than men to enter treatment via the mental health and child welfare systems, whereas men are more likely to enter treat...

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