Gender Differences in Healthy and Unhealthy Life Expectancy

Lego, Vanessa di; Giulio, Paola Di

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37668-0_11

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although there is a body of work on gender disparities in health expectancies, little is known about gender disparities in trends in health expectancies. While there is evidence that differential health reporting between men and women may contribute to differences in health expectancy (Di Lego et al 2020), the greater prevalence of chronic conditions among women (disabling conditions such as arthritis) than among men (more fatal conditions such as cardiovascular disease) appears to play a part as well. However, though differential reporting may affect the gender differences in health expectancies, it is unlikely to result in different trends.…”

Section: Uk Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EU and UK targets for healthy life expectancy – are they achievable?

Jagger¹

2020

Populationyearbook

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In 2008, the EU Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP-AHA) set a target of an increase of two healthy life years by 2020. More recently, in 2018, the UK Government set a target to "ensure people can enjoy at least 5 extra healthy, independent years of life by 2035, while narrowing the gap between the experience of the richest and poorest". This paper reviews the progress the EU member states have made towards meeting this target, and what the UK can learn from their experiences. I conclude that, although the EU target is likely to be reached, the gap in healthy life years between the member states has increased. Past trends in and projections of disability-free life expectancy in England suggest that it will be difficult to achieve an increase of five healthy and independent years of life by 2035.

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Section: Uk Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EU and UK targets for healthy life expectancy – are they achievable?

Jagger¹

2020

Populationyearbook

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“…Table 1 summarizes the five-year values of the life table used, although we have computed and used year-by-year values from 50 to 95 years of age, extrapolating missing data. The table highlights the so-called male-female mortality paradox: Females live longer but in a worse state of health [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

et al. 2021

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When exceptional situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, arise and reliable data is not available at decision-making times, estimation using mathematical models can provide a reasonable reckoning for health planning. We present a simplified model (static but with two-time references) for estimating the cost-effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. A simplified model provides a quick assessment of the upper bound of cost-effectiveness, as we illustrate with data from Spain, and allows for easy comparisons between countries. It may also provide useful comparisons among different vaccines at the marketplace, from the perspective of the buyer. From the analysis of this information, key epidemiological figures, and costs of the disease for Spain have been estimated, based on mortality. The fatality rate is robust data that can alternatively be obtained from death registers, funeral homes, cemeteries, and crematoria. Our model estimates the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to be 5132 € (4926–5276) as of 17 February 2021, based on the following assumptions/inputs: An estimated cost of 30 euros per dose (plus transport, storing, and administration), two doses per person, efficacy of 70% and coverage of 70% of the population. Even considering the possibility of some bias, this simplified model provides confirmation that vaccination against COVID-19 is highly cost-effective.

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“…A similar approach was used by Jürges (2007), which investigates how cultural differences across European countries affect personal health ratings. Likewise, decreased health has a different impact on well-being among women and men, who Oksuzyan et al (2019) and Di Lego et al (2020) show use different evaluation scales. Similarly, the effect of health on well-being depends on the respondent's age (Ulloa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Valuation Of Health Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-being adjusted health expectancy - a new summary measure of population health

Muszyńska-Spielauer¹

2021

VID

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We propose a new summary measure of population health (SMPH) called well-being-adjusted healthy life expectancy (WAHE). WAHE belongs to a subgroup of health-adjusted life expectancy indicators and measures life expectancy equivalent to full health. The measure combines health and mortality information into a single indicator with weights that quantify the reduction in well-being associated with decreased health. WAHE's advantage over other common SMPHs lies in its ability to differentiate between the consequences of health limitations at various levels of severity and its transparent, simple valuation function. We also demonstrate that WAHE accounts for how health impairment impacts overall well-being according to selected individual and contextual factors.Our paper empirically evaluates WAHE's performance in terms of agreement and reliability, as well as how strongly it correlates with the other SMPHs when applied to 29 European countries. Health and well-being data are from the 2018 EU-SILC, while life tables are from Eurostat. WAHE's sensitivity to univariate and multivariate state specifications is tested using three Minimum European Health Module health dimensions: chronic morbidity, activity limitations, and self-rated health.The findings show that WAHE has the highest and most significant correlation with all well-known SMPHs (health expectancy and disability-adjusted health expectancy from the Global Burden of Disease). Moreover, WAHE estimates are in agreement with all other SMPHs. Additionally, like the other SMPHs, all WAHE variants form a group of reliable indicators for studying population health in European countries. Finally, WAHE estimates are robust, regardless of whether health is defined across one or multiple simultaneous dimensions of health. We conclude that WAHE has several advantages over other standard SMPHs and propose adopting it as a universal health indicator for descriptive use in public health.

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Gender Differences in Healthy and Unhealthy Life Expectancy

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

EU and UK targets for healthy life expectancy – are they achievable?

EU and UK targets for healthy life expectancy – are they achievable?

Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

Well-being adjusted health expectancy - a new summary measure of population health

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