Gender Differences in Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism in 37 Nations

Lynn, Richard; Martin, Terence

doi:10.1080/00224549709595447

Cited by 315 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

144

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies based on personality traits, have shown, for example, that women presents higher levels of neuroticism (in other words, emotional instability) when compared to men (Hutz & Nunes, 2001;Oliveira, 2002;Zanon, Borsa, Bandeira, & Hutz, 2012), and this pattern is consistent across several different nations (Costa Jr., Terracciano, & McCrae, 2001;Lynn & Martin, 1997). Further, it is also known that personality traits, especially neuroticism, in interaction with gender, tends to impact the on self-efficacy and on performance in different areas of people´s lives (Schmitt, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Attrition Rates in a Brazilian Longitudinal Survey on Positive Psychology: Empirical and Methodological Considerations

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluates how sociodemographic and psychological variables influence the intention in participating in future waves of a positive psychology longitudinal research. Participants were 2551 Brazilian subjects (63% female), ranging in age from 18 to 82 from 21 different States of Brazil, which responded to the first wave of the research. Several constructs of the positive psychology area were assessed. From the total, 37.7% of the participants did not accept to participate in the next waves of the study. Women were more prone to acceptting to participate when compared to men. The women who accepted presented higher levels in all "positive" psychological variables measured, and lower levels in all "negative" variables when compared to those who did not accept. For men, in turn, only pessimism influenced the intention in participating in the future waves of the study. Implications for longitudinal researches in Positive Psychology are discussed. Keywords: Positive Psychology, longitudinal, research, gender, Brazil. Taxas de Evasão em uma Pesquisa Longitudinal Baseada em Psicologia Positiva:Considerações Índices de Evasión en una Investigación Longitudinal Basada en Psicología Positiva: Consideraciones Empíricas y MetodológicasResumen Esto estudio evalúa como variables sociodemográficas y psicológicas influyen en la intención de participar en futuras etapas de investigación longitudinal con enfoque en la Psicología Positiva. Los participantes fueran 2551 individuos (63% mujeres), con edades entre 18 e 82 años, oriundos de 21 estados brasileños, que respondieron a la primera etapa del estudio. Fueron evaluados diversos constructos psicológicos del área de la Psicología Positiva. De todos los encuestados 37,7% no aceptaron participar de las futuras etapas de la investigación, existiendo más aceptación de las mujeres en comparación con los hombres. Las mujeres que aceptaron, presentaron puntuaciones mayores en todas las variables "positivas", y menores en todas las variables "negativas", en comparación con las que no aceptaron. Por otro lado, para los hombres, sólo el pesimismo influenció en la intención de participar de las etapas subsecuentes del estudio. Son discutidas implicaciones para estudios longitudinales con enfoque en psicología positiva. Palabras-clave: Psicología Positiva, longitudinal, investigación, género, Brasil.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Attrition Rates in a Brazilian Longitudinal Survey on Positive Psychology: Empirical and Methodological Considerations

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At this point, and without targeted studies, it is not straightforward to provide a clear-cut interpretation of this finding. Some studies have shown that compared with men, women are more emotionally responsive to both positive and negative stimuli in the lab (e.g., Grossman & Wood, 1993), and score higher on neuroticism than men in several countries (Lynn & Martin, 1997) suggesting that women may be more labile in their emotions. Still, to precisely understand gender differences in the link between emotional variability and psychological well-being more targeted research is needed.…”

Section: Methodological Factors Moderating the Relation Between Emotimentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between short-term emotion dynamics and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis.

Houben¹,

Noortgate²,

Kuppens³

2015

Psychological Bulletin

779

956

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Not only how good or bad people feel on average, but also how their feelings fluctuate across time is crucial for psychological health. The last 2 decades have witnessed a surge in research linking various patterns of short-term emotional change to adaptive or maladaptive psychological functioning, often with conflicting results. A meta-analysis was performed to identify consistent relationships between patterns of short-term emotion dynamics-including patterns reflecting emotional variability (measured in terms of within-person standard deviation of emotions across time), emotional instability (measured in terms of the magnitude of consecutive emotional changes), and emotional inertia of emotions over time (measured in terms of autocorrelation)-and relatively stable indicators of psychological well-being or psychopathology. We determined how such relationships are moderated by the type of emotional change, type of psychological well-being or psychopathology involved, valence of the emotion, and methodological factors. A total of 793 effect sizes were identified from 79 articles (N ϭ 11,381) and were subjected to a 3-level meta-analysis. The results confirmed that overall, low psychological well-being co-occurs with more variable (overall ˆϭ Ϫ.178), unstable (overall ˆϭ Ϫ.205), but also more inert (overall ˆϭ Ϫ.151) emotions. These effect sizes were stronger when involving negative compared with positive emotions. Moreover, the results provided evidence for consistency across different types of psychological well-being and psychopathology in their relation with these dynamical patterns, although specificity was also observed. The findings demonstrate that psychological flourishing is characterized by specific patterns of emotional fluctuations across time, and provide insight into what constitutes optimal and suboptimal emotional functioning.Keywords: psychological well-being, psychopathology, emotional variability, emotional instability, emotional inertia A fundamental feature of our emotions and feelings is that they change over time. The patterns of emotional fluctuations reflect how people deal with changes in the environment and how they regulate their emotions (Larsen, 2000), and both contribute importantly to their psychological well-being. Indeed, a surge of research focusing on the time dynamic patterns of emotional experience has shown that, next to how people usually feel or how they feel on average, the patterns with which people's emotional experiences change over time provide unique information that is relevant for psychological well-being. Here we present a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relation between on the one hand short-term dynamical patterns of emotions and on the other hand stable forms of psychological well-being and psychopathology, to identify the patterns of emotional change associated with general and specific forms of psychological health.We define psychological well-being as a broad construct that involves either or both the presence of positive indicators of psychologi...

show abstract

“…But personality traits are transhistorical as well as transcultural: Chinese generations that endured the Cultural Revolution show the same age differences as middle-class Americans (Yang, McCrae, & Costa, 1998). Lynn and Martin (1997) noted that women obtained higher mean scores on N in all 37 nations where the results of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were available. Men scored higher than women on E in 30 countries and on Psychoticism in 34 countries.…”

Section: Transcultural Evidence Supporting Fftmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Five-Factor Theory Perspective

Allïk

McCrae

2002

The Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Cultures

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Five-Factor Theory (FFT) is a conceptualization of the personality system that identifies traits as abstract Basic Tendencies rooted in biology. In this chapter, FFT is examined in relation to recent findings in cross-cultural psychology reported in this volume. FFT correctly predicts the universality of personality structure, maturation, and gender differentiation. FFT suggests that differences in the mean levels of traits across cultures may be due to differences in the distribution of trait-related alleles, and that cultural differences may be the effect, rather than the cause, of trait level differences. Reports of substantial cohort and acculturation effects pose challenges to FFT and provide special opportunities for future research.

show abstract

Gender Differences in Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism in 37 Nations

Cited by 315 publications

References 6 publications

Attrition Rates in a Brazilian Longitudinal Survey on Positive Psychology: Empirical and Methodological Considerations

Attrition Rates in a Brazilian Longitudinal Survey on Positive Psychology: Empirical and Methodological Considerations

The relation between short-term emotion dynamics and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis.

A Five-Factor Theory Perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About