Gender differences in cheating: Loss vs. gain framing

Ezquerra, Lara; Kolev, Gueorgui I.; Rodríguez-Lara, Ismael

doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2017.11.016

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, women demonstrated greater aversion toward lying for a small monetary benefit ( Childs, 2012 ) and lower dishonesty levels than men ( Friesen and Gangadharan, 2012 ). However, Ezquerra et al (2018) found no gender differences in a cheating game. It follows that men (or those who identify with the male role) who self-stereotype and embrace their gender role in-extremis will more likely try to assert their dominance at work.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reducing the Cost of Being the Boss: Authentic Leadership Suppresses the Effect of Role Stereotype Conflict on Antisocial Behaviors in Leaders and Entrepreneurs

et al. 2021

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What drives entrepreneurs to engage in antisocial economic behaviors? Without dismissing entrepreneurs’ agency in their decision-making processes, our study aims to answer this question by proposing that antisocial economic behaviors are a dysfunctional coping mechanism to reduce the psychological tension that entrepreneurs face in their day-to-day activities. Further, given the overlap between the male gender role stereotype and both leader and entrepreneur role stereotypes, this psychological tension should be stronger in female entrepreneurs (or any person who identifies with the female gender role). We argue that besides the well-established female gender role – leader role incongruence, female entrepreneurs also suffer a female gender role – entrepreneur role incongruence. Thus, we predicted that men (or those identifying with the male gender role) or entrepreneurs (regardless of their gender identity) that embrace these roles stereotypes to an extreme, are more likely to engage in antisocial economic behaviors. In this context, the term antisocial economic behaviors refers to cheating or trying to harm competitors’ businesses. Finally, we predicted that embracing an authentic leadership style might mitigate this effect. We tested our predictions in two laboratory studies (Phase 1 and 2). For Phase 1 we recruited a sample of French Business school students (N = 82). For Phase 2 we recruited a sample of Costa Rican male and female entrepreneurs, using male and female managers as reference groups (N = 64). Our results show that authentic leadership reduced the likelihood of entrepreneurs and men of engaging in antisocial economic behaviors such as trying to harm one’s competition or seeking an unfair advantage.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reducing the Cost of Being the Boss: Authentic Leadership Suppresses the Effect of Role Stereotype Conflict on Antisocial Behaviors in Leaders and Entrepreneurs

et al. 2021

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“…However, various studies raise doubts about women's higher truthfulness. Some studies do not find evidence of gender differences in deceptive behavior at all (Childs, 2012;Ezquerra et al, 2018;Pate, 2018). Others find mixed evidence and discuss the potential impact of the gender composition of groups (Muehlheusser et al, 2015) or the implications of who benefits from a lie (Biziou- Van-Pol et al, 2015;Cappelen et al, 2013;Capraro, 2018;Dreber and Johannesson, 2008;Erat and Gneezy, 2012).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in face-to-face deceptive behavior

Lohse

Qari

2021

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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We study the role of face-to-face interaction for gender differences in deceptive behavior and perceived honesty. In the first part, we compare women to men's deceptive behavior using data from an incentivized income-reporting experiment with three treatments. Reporting is fully computerized in a baseline treatment but occurs face-to-face in the second and third treatment. Lies can be detected in the course of an audit, which happens with a given probability in the first and second treatment whereas it depends on perceptions by others in the third treatment. In the computerized baseline treatment, men and women's deceptive behavior is statistically indistinguishable. However, women's truthfulness increases when face-to-face interaction is introduced in the second treatment. In contrast, males' deceptive behavior does not change until the audit probability depends on their perceived honesty in the third treatment. Then, men's truthfulness rises sharply and exceeds women's level of honesty by far. We elaborate on these gender differences in the second part. We conduct an experiment to assess the honesty of videotaped income-reporting statements from a setting identical to the third treatment. Our findings confirm that men anticipate their low perceived honesty, which is consistent with the results from the first part.

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“…In Table B3, we undertake the approach in Ezquerra, Kolev and Rodriguez-Lara (2018) to investigate whether there is cheating in each of the five treatments. Ezquerra, Kolev and Rodriguez-Lara (2018) consider a linear regression model where the dependent variable is the standardized die outcome;…”

Section: 99%mentioning

confidence: 99%