Gender differences in association of plasma adiponectin with obesity reflect resultant insulin resistance in non‐diabetic Japanese patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Adipose tissues poorly produce adiponectin in the population with increased body fat mass and diabetes mellitus. It was investigated whether hypoadiponectinemia is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in patients with chronically medicated schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study was designed for 73 non-diabetic Japanese patients with schizophrenia. The patients aged < 70 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 were selected. Anthropometrics and blood parameters including fat-derived cytokines were measured, and then the BMI and homeostasis model assessmentinsulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The variables were compared between the nonobesity (BMI, 18.5-24.9) and obesity ( ≥ 25.0) groups, and between genders. Plasma adiponectin negatively correlated with BMI ( r = -0.554, P < 0.0003) and HOMA-IR ( r = -0.380, P = 0.007) in men, but not in women. The obesity group in men, as compared with the non-obesity group, showed significantly lower plasma adiponectin ( P = 0.008) and higher HOMA-IR ( P < 0.05), but not in women. Plasma leptin showed a significant positive correlation with BMI ( r = 0.604, P < 0.0001 in men; r = 0.763, P < 0.0001 in women) and HOMA-IR ( r = 0.618, P < 0.0001 in men; r = 0.679, P < 0.0001 in women). The mean plasma leptin in the obesity group was significantly higher than that in the non-obesity group ( P < 0.01 in men; P < 0.01 in women). In contrast to plasma leptin, plasma adiponectin showed gender difference in relation to BMI and HOMA-IR.

The influence of sex, body composition, and nonesterified fatty acids on serum adipokine concentrations

“…Furthermore, resistin concentrations were similar between sexes and BMI status. These findings are in agreement with a number of investigations [20,[34][35][36] and suggest that leptin, resistin, and PAI-1 are not determined by sex differences in adipose tissue lipolysis or serum NEFAs.…”

Role of plasma adiponectin /C-reactive protein ratio in obesity and type 2 diabetes among African Americans

“…Gender differences in adiponectin and CRP levels have previously been reported 23,48,49 , and our study provides further evidence of these gender differences because AA women had significantly higher adiponectin and CRP levels than AA men. Additionally, we found a significant negative association between plasma adiponectin and CRP in both genders.…”

Diabetes mellitus in older men

“…In animal models it reverses insulin resistance. In the elderly, levels of adiponectin are higher in lean compared to obese subjects and in women [11]. Insulin resistance was negatively correlated with adiponectin levels and positively correlated with leptin levels.…”