Gender Differences During Toddlerhood in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

Lawson, Lauren P.; Joshi, Rucha; Barbaro, Josephine; Dissanayake, Cheryl

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3516-y

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…An item-by-item analysis revealed that boys showed more elevated symptoms, especially in the social communication domain. This is consistent with a previous study with toddlers and young children that found more elevated social communication symptoms in girls than in boys [ 66 ]. Similarly, Little, Wallisch, Salley, & Jamison [ 67 ], who studied early parental concerns regarding their child’s development, found that parents of boys diagnosed later with ASD reported more concerns regarding social interaction compared with girls with ASD or children with other developmental disabilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers

Niedźwiecka

Pisula

2022

IJERPH

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This study aimed to assess some early symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) measured by a screening tool developed for an early detection of ASD. We investigated if the early symptoms were associated with toddlers’ age, gender or ASD familial risk status. We used the Polish version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) to assess 1024 children aged 16 to 36 months. The sample included four groups of participants: typically developing toddlers, toddlers with parent-reported ASD-specific concerns, toddlers at risk for autism due to having an older sibling with ASD, and toddlers with a developmental delay. We found that mean Q-CHAT scores were significantly higher in boys than in girls. We did not find any associations between Q-CHAT scores and age. We observed that toddlers with a familial risk for ASD and those with a developmental delay scored significantly higher than controls. We collated these results with previous studies that used the Q-CHAT and other instruments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers

Niedźwiecka

Pisula

2022

IJERPH

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“…At the degree level, female ASC individuals have more attention preference for social stimuli (Chawarska et al, 2016) and less social communication impairment than males (Hartley and Sikora, 2009; Zwaigenbaum et al, 2012). However, neither gender differences in structure nor gender differences in degree are absolute; they are affected by a series of other factors, such as sample size and age (Lawson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions From a Multidimensional Perspective: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Background: Although empathy has always been considered to be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs), the relevant findings have been inconsistent. The present meta-analysis aims to determine which empathy components are impaired and how culture, gender, and age moderate such empathy impairment.Methods: By using “Autism,” “Asperger Syndrome,” “Empathy,” and related Chinese synonyms as keywords, we searched the databases of Weipu, Wanfang, CNKI, Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and Elsevier through “subject” and “keyword” searches. We also conducted a manual search according to the references. In total, 51 studies from Eastern and Western countries were included in this meta-analysis, which comprised 144 independent effects, 2,095 individuals with ASCs and 2,869 controls without ASCs. For the retrieved data, Hedge's g was taken as the quantitative measure of effect, and CMA V2.0 software was used for publication bias tests (by using Rosenthal's Classic Failsafe-N and Egger's methods), heterogeneity tests (by using a Q-test, I2-test, and H-test) and a moderating effect test (by using a univariate regression model).Results: The results showed that the empathy impairment evident in individuals with ASCs is component specific; that is, trait-cognitive empathy, trait-empathic concern, state-cognitive empathy, and state-empathic concern are impaired, whereas state-empathic accuracy remains intact, and trait-empathic accuracy is superior to the trait-empathic accuracy in neurotypical individuals. The univariate regression model showed that gender moderates the impairment of the trait-empathic concern, trait-empathic accuracy, and state-cognitive empathy in autistic individuals and that age moderates the impairment of the trait-cognitive empathy, trait-empathic accuracy, state-empathic concern, and state-empathic accuracy in autistic individuals. However, culture does not moderate any empathy components (trait-cognitive empathy, trait-empathic concern, or state-cognitive empathy) involved in the present meta-analysis.Conclusions: These findings contribute to ending the controversy over the empathic integrity of individuals with ASCs and shed some light on future research about the empathy impairment of autistic individuals. More specifically, subsequent studies should distinguish specific empathy components and consider the role of gender and age when demonstrating empathy impairment in individuals with ASCs. Moreover, related studies based on Asian collectivist cultural samples and female samples should be further enriched.

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“…This suggests that (COX)‐2 − mice can have sex‐ and age‐specific social abnormalities, which have also been reported in human cases of ASD. For example, a recent study by Lawson et al found that females with ASD exhibited more social impairments compared with matched males. Females with Smith‐Magenis syndrome, a complex genetic neurodevelopmental syndrome with autism features, also display a greater number of abnormal social symptoms …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism‐related behaviors in the cyclooxygenase‐2‐deficient mouse model

Wong

Bestard-Lorigados

Crawford

2018

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an endogenous lipid molecule involved in normal brain development. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is the main regulator of PGE2 synthesis. Emerging clinical and molecular research provides compelling evidence that abnormal COX2/PGE2 signaling is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We previously found that COX2 knockout mice had dysregulated expression of many ASD genes belonging to important biological pathways for neurodevelopment. The present study is the first to show the connection between irregular COX2/PGE2 signaling and autism-related behaviors in male and female COX2-deficient knockin, (COX)-2 , mice at young (4-6 weeks) or adult (8-11 weeks) ages. Autism-related behaviors were prominent in male (COX)-2 mice for most behavioral tests. In the open field test, (COX)-2 mice traveled more than controls and adult male (COX)-2 mice spent less time in the center indicating elevated hyperactive and anxiety-linked behaviors. (COX)-2 mice also buried more marbles, with males burying more than females, suggesting increased anxiety and repetitive behaviors. Young male (COX)-2 mice fell more frequently in the inverted screen test revealing motor deficits. The three-chamber sociability test found that adult female (COX)-2 mice spent less time in the novel mouse chamber indicative of social abnormalities. In addition, male (COX)-2 mice showed altered expression of several autism-linked genes: Wnt2, Glo1, Grm5 and Mmp9. Overall, our findings offer new insight into the involvement of disrupted COX2/PGE2 signaling in ASD pathology with age-related differences and greater impact on males. We propose that (COX)-2 mice might serve as a novel model system to study specific types of autism.

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Gender Differences During Toddlerhood in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

Cited by 39 publications

References 66 publications

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers

Empathy Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions From a Multidimensional Perspective: A Meta-Analysis

Autism‐related behaviors in the cyclooxygenase‐2‐deficient mouse model

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