Gender difference in the association of chronic kidney disease with visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product index in Korean adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Association of Lipid Accumulation Product With Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Community Adults: A Report From the REACTION Study

“…Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity and CKD have increased in parallel worldwide and are positively correlated [12], and obesity, especially visceral obesity, is an important risk factor for CKD [3,5,6,7]. Visceral obesity has been reported to be associated with IR, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, hyperuricemia, diabetes, hypertension, and CVD events [5,6,8,9], all of which are involved in the pathogenesis of CKD [3,4,10]. Direct measurement of visceral adipose tissue by imaging techniques, i.e.…”

“…In our study, only participants aged ≥40 years with a mean age of 58 years were included, of whom the majority of women were postmenopausal. It is well known that estrogens could regulate adipose deposition and function [9], and estrogen exerts renoprotective effects [22]. Therefore, postmenopausal females tended to deposit more abdominal visceral adipose tissue and lost estrogen renal protection partly due to the rapid decline in estrogens [5,9].…”

“…WC, body weight and height were measured with the subject wearing light clothes without shoes, and then BMI was calculated (kg/m 2 ) [14,15]. The LAP index was calculated as [WC (cm) − 65] × [triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)] for men, and [WC (cm) − 58] × [triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)] for women [9,10]. All participants were divided into quartiles based on the LAP index: Q1, LAP < 16.20; Q2, 16.20 ≤ LAP < 28.88 ng/ml; Q3, 28.88 ≤ LAP ≤ 50.16; Q4, LAP > 50.…”

“…According to the criteria in previously published articles [14,15], type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were diagnosed. Hypertension was de ned as SBP ≥140 mmHg, DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, or self-reported previous diagnosis of hypertension by clinicians and taking antihypertensive drugs [9]. A brachial PP ≥63 mmHg was considered abnormal (high pulse pressure) [19,20].…”

“…Waist circumference (WC), a practical athropometric parameter to identify central obesity, is also unable to distinguish between visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue [5,7]. In recent years, lipid accumulation product (LAP), a novel surrogate marker of visceral adiposity and an alternative continuous index of central lipid accumulation proposed by Kahn in 2005, is based on a combination of WC and fasting triglyceride (TG) levels, and re ects the anatomic and physiologic changes associated with obesity among adults [9,10]. Given the close associations between visceral adiposity and CKD, it is plausible that the LAP might be signi cantly associated with CKD.…”