Gender Difference in Body Fat for Healthy Chinese Children and Adolescents

Guo, Bin; Wu, Qing; Gong, Jian; Xiao, Zeyu; Tang, Yongjin; Shang, Jing; Cheng, Yong; Xu, Hao

doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0139

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…TPFR tended, however, to be lower in the Samoan sample than in other populations. Average TPFR in Samoan girls and boys was 0.66 and 0.62, respectively, compared with an average TPFR in girls and boys of 0.83 and 0.85 in a study of 129 Chinese 5‐year‐olds (who are the only ethnicity, to our knowledge, to have published data on this measure in young children) . Our TPFR values did not appreciably change with increasing age, so differences in the age composition of our sample compared with the Chinese study likely do not explain the differences observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Regional percent body fat (%BF) and lean mass (%LM) were therefore calculated by dividing fat mass and lean mass, respectively, by total mass (less head). The trunk‐to‐peripheral fat ratio (TPFR) was calculated by dividing trunk fat by the sum of arm and leg fat to describe relative fat distribution, with a higher TPFR indicating greater fat storage in the trunk relative to the periphery …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trunkto-peripheral fat ratio (TPFR) was calculated by dividing trunk fat by the sum of arm and leg fat to describe relative fat distribution, with a higher TPFR indicating greater fat storage in the trunk relative to the periphery. 23…”

Section: Body Composition and Anthropometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in the associations of physical activity and macronutrient intake with child body composition: A cross‐sectional study of 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds in Samoa

et al. 2020

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Summary Background Overweight/obesity is prevalent among children in the Pacific Islands, but its aetiology is poorly understood. Few studies have considered body composition in addition to body mass index–based measures. Objectives To describe body composition among Samoan children and determine sex‐specific associations among dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition. Methods Body composition (percent body fat [%BF], lean mass, and trunk‐to‐peripheral fat ratio) of n = 83 Samoan children (3‐7 y) was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Children completed 7 days of objective physical activity monitoring. Mothers reported child nutritional intake using a 115‐item food frequency questionnaire. Stepwise generalized linear regression was used to determine independent associations of nutritional intake and physical activity with body composition. Results Samoan children had higher average %BF than reported among other ethnic groups but lower trunk‐to‐peripheral fat ratios. In sex‐stratified analyses, quartile of carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with %BF (β = −2.02 SE = 0.58; P < .001) in girls only. Among boys, physical activity (quartile of accelerometer counts per minute) was negatively associated with %BF (β = −1.66 SE = 0.55; P < .01). Conclusions Sex differences in the associations among nutritional intake, physical activity, and body composition may be important to consider as interventions are developed to address overweight/obesity among Samoan children.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in the associations of physical activity and macronutrient intake with child body composition: A cross‐sectional study of 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds in Samoa

et al. 2020

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“…FM has also been shown to be a key predictor of BMD and may affect bone via both loading and hormonal mechanisms 4. Ageing is associated with gradual changes in body composition, and these changes may be entirely different between men and women, as well as premenopausal and postmenopausal women 5 6. To further explore the changes in body composition with age is one of the purposes of our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific and age-specific characteristics of body composition and its effect on bone mineral density in adults in southern China: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesThis study was an attempt to investigate the variation trend of body composition with ageing and explore the association between regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD).DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA total of 5749 healthy adults aged 20–95 years was recruited from 2004 to 2017.Primary outcome measuresWhole-body lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), android FM, gynoid FM, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The android/gynoid fat mass ratio (A/G FMR) based on DXA scan was calculated as an indicator of adipose distribution. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations between body composition, adipose distribution, and BMD of each skeletal site.ResultsWhole-body FM, percentage of whole-body FM, Android FM and A/G FMR consistently increased with age in both genders, especially in women, and ALM began to decrease in the fifth decade for both men and women. In multivariable linear regression models with age, body mass index, A/G FMR and ALM as predictor variables, ALM was associated with the most BMD variance of all skeletal sites in men (standard β ranged from 0.207 to 0.405, p<0.001), although not the largest but still a positive predictor of BMD in women (standard β ranged from 0.074 to 0.186, p<0.05). A/G FMR was an inverse predictor of BMD at all skeletal sites for women (standard β ranged from −249 to −0.052, p<0.01) but not in men.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of Chinese adults, ALM had a strong positive association with BMD in both genders. A/G FMR as an indicator of central adipose accumulation was inversely associated with BMD in women but not in men.

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“…performed a systematic molecular-level analysis (mainly including mRNA, DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA) and protein expression levels), and suggested to develop sex-specific therapeutic strategies in certain cancer types1. Recent studies suggest that proteomes may differ between males and females23, and sex differences may exist in mRNA4, miRNA expression567 and isomiR (miRNA variants) expression levels89. For example, AT2R can influence vascular responses with sexually dimorphic10, and some genes are influenced by androgens or estrogen1112.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNA and mRNA expression analysis reveals potential sex-biased miRNA expression

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

104

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Recent studies suggest that mRNAs may be differentially expressed between males and females. This study aimed to perform expression analysis of mRNA and its main regulatory molecule, microRNA (miRNA), to discuss the potential sex-specific expression patterns using abnormal expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Generally, deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs had consistent expression between males and females, but some miRNAs may be oppositely expressed in specific diseases: up-regulated in one group and down-regulated in another. Studies of miRNA gene families and clusters further confirmed that these sequence or location related miRNAs might have opposing expression between sexes. The specific miRNA might have greater expression divergence across different groups, suggesting flexible expression across different individuals, especially in tumor samples. The typical analysis regardless of the sex will ignore or balance these sex-specific deregulated miRNAs. Compared with flexible miRNAs, their targets of mRNAs showed relative stable expression between males and females. These relevant results provide new insights into miRNA-mRNA interaction and sex difference.

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Gender Difference in Body Fat for Healthy Chinese Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Gender differences in the patterns of proportion and distribution of body fat were found. We present sex-specific percentile curves for Total FM%-age, TrAppFMR-age, and TrLLFMR-age relationships in this population.

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Sex differences in the associations of physical activity and macronutrient intake with child body composition: A cross‐sectional study of 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds in Samoa

Sex differences in the associations of physical activity and macronutrient intake with child body composition: A cross‐sectional study of 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds in Samoa

Sex-specific and age-specific characteristics of body composition and its effect on bone mineral density in adults in southern China: a cross-sectional study

miRNA and mRNA expression analysis reveals potential sex-biased miRNA expression

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