“…Our theory is based on the seminal studies by Dollar et al (2001) and Swamy et al (2001) and subsequent studies (Chen, 2013;Esarey & Chirillo, 2013;Esarey & Schwindt-Bayer, 2018, 2019Grimes & Wängnerud, 2012;Jha & Sarangi, 2018;Michailova & Melnykovska, 2009;Paweenawat, 2018;Samimi & Hosseinmardi, 2011;Treisman, 2007;Wängnerud, 2010) which found a negative correlation between women in politics and corruption using country/state-level studies. However, based on evidence from individual-level studies, there is no consensus on the proposition that women are intrinsically more honest than men (Alhassan-Alolo, 2007;Alatas et al, 2009;Bowman & Giligan, 2008;Debski et al, 2018;Esarey & Chirillo, 2013;Goetz, 2007;Lee & Guven, 2013;Mukherjee & Gokcekus, 2004;Schulze & Frank, 2003;Torgler & Valev, 2010;Rivas, 2013;Vijayalakshmi, 2008).…”