Gender Comparisons in the Private, Collective, and Allocentric Selves

Madson, Laura; Trafimow, David

doi:10.1080/00224540109600571

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This sense of self in relation differs from the collective self because it places primacy on interdependence between individuals rather than between an individual and a group (Madson & Trafimow, 2001). If an individual sees her own autonomy as restricted by social structures she may focus on interpersonal relationships as a means of and forum for personal achievement and advancement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research indicates that while both men and women have interdependent aspects in their self-concept, men tend to be more group focused or collective and women appear more relational (Madson & Trafimow, 2001). Given this body of research, we predict that mothers will be more likely to emphasize social connectedness and interdependence than fathers.…”

Section: Values Of Individualism Vs Interdependencementioning

confidence: 97%

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The Transmission of Values to School-Age and Young Adult Offspring

Pagano¹,

Hirsch

Deutsch

et al. 2003

Journal of Feminist Family Therapy

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SUMMARYThe current study explores parental socialization practices and the values transmitted to schoolaged and young adult off-spring, focusing on race and gender issues involved in parental teachings. A community sample of 187 black and white mothers and fathers were interviewed with regards to their parenting practices using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Higher levels of social concern and other-oriented themes in teachings were found among black parents, in contrast to a higher prevalence of individualistic themes among white parents. Interactions with child gender and age revealed that parents were more likely to mention individualistic skills and less likely to mention concern for others to older rather than younger daughters, with a reverse pattern found for sons. Parents remain active teachers in the lives of their children beyond the first and second decades of life, instilling skills and values shaped by ethnicity and gender. Comparison of socialization practices between racial groups reveals a notable capacity of black parents to promote personal development as well as societal well-being. KeywordsAfrican Americans; parents; values; intergenerational support; adulthood; parent-child relationship Socialization is the process whereby an individual's standards, skills, motives, attitudes, and behaviors are shaped to conform to those regarded as desirable and appropriate for his or her role in society (Parke & Buriel, 1998). Parents play a key part in the socialization process as they transmit values molded by their own traditions and beliefs and embedded in family, social, economic, and historical contexts (Zarit & Eggebeen, 1995). Public policy debates often refer to the importance of parents' transmission of values to prepare children for the worlds they face, particularly as children enter adulthood and take their place in society. Historically, black and white families have faced very different worlds and these differences are likely to be reflected in the values that parents instill in their children for success. Similarly, men and women have traditionally experienced distinct social contexts that may SOCIALIZATION PRACTICES OF BLACK AND WHITE PARENTSMost research on parent-child relationships has investigated white middle-class families in suburban areas, neglecting the influence of non-majority culture and ethnicity in shaping child rearing beliefs and behaviors. Considerable differences exist between white Americans' and African Americans' social experiences. Black adults are poorer than their white counterparts with increased disability, higher premature death rates, lower formal educational attainment, and a lower proportion of marriage for both males and females (George, 1988;Jackson, 1988;Stanford, Peddecord, & Lockerly, 1990; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992). There are also important cultural differences. Although majority American families may emphasize individuality over collectivism (Harrison, Wilson, Pine, Chan, & Buriel, 1990), African American cultural heritage has hel...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Values Of Individualism Vs Interdependencementioning

confidence: 97%

The Transmission of Values to School-Age and Young Adult Offspring

Pagano¹,

Hirsch

Deutsch

et al. 2003

Journal of Feminist Family Therapy

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“…Previous empirical work supports the notion that men and women differ in the extent to which they see themselves and others as interdependent. For example, Madson and Trafimov (2001) found that women in the United States define themselves primarily by their relationships-as interdependent and connected to others (through both personal relationships and group identities)-whereas men define themselves primarily in terms of their uniqueness and independence from others.…”

Section: The Effects Of Intergroup Competition On Group Creativity: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup Competition as a Double-Edged Sword: How Sex Composition Regulates the Effects of Competition on Group Creativity

Baer

Vadera

Leenders

et al. 2014

Organization Science

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Building on social role theory, we extend a contingency perspective on intergroup competition proposing that having groups compete against one another is stimulating to the creativity of groups composed largely or exclusively of men but detrimental to the creativity of groups composed largely or exclusively of women. We tested this idea in two separate studies: a laboratory experiment (Study 1) and a field study (Study 2). Study 1 showed that competition had the expected positive effects on the creativity of groups composed mostly or exclusively of men and produced the predicted negative effects on the creativity of groups composed of women, even though the latter effects emerged at the high end of the competition spectrum and for sex-homogeneous groups only. Results of Study 1 also revealed that within-group collaboration mediated the joint effects of competition and sex composition on group creativity. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 in a field setting involving research and development teams. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice.

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“…This task rests on the long sociological literature on the self and is based on the facts that each individual has numerous and multifarious selves and that these "self images" can be collected through self reporting (e.g., Madson & Trafimow, 2001). The TST requires participants to generate 20 self concepts that begin "I am .…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%