Gender Comparison of Hip Muscle Activity During Single-Leg Landing

Gender differences in passive knee biomechanical properties in tibial rotation

“…4 Despite the clinical significance, factors contributing to the higher incidence remain unclear. Proposed causes include women having a larger Q-angle, [5][6][7] wider pelvis, 8,9 narrower intercondylar notch, [10][11][12] different hormonal status, [13][14][15] different patterns of muscle activity during jumping, landing, and pivoting, [16][17][18] larger knee joint laxity, [19][20][21][22][23][24] and higher likelihood of ACL impingement against the intercondylar notch. 25,26 Considering that the highest injury incidence is in individuals 15 to 25 years old who participate in pivoting sports, 1 knee biomechanical properties in internal and external tibial rotation may play an important role.…”

Mapping current research trends on neuromuscular risk factors of non-contact ACL injury

“…Also, muscular capacity as well as muscular activation patterns at the knee are related to capacity and activation patterns at the ankle and probably at hip and abdominal musculature (S. J. Shultz, et al, 2012;Zazulak, et al, 2005;Zeller, McCrory, Kibler, & Uhl, 2003). No papers on this topic fit our inclusion and exclusion criteria, but the focus on knee musculature based on the premise that this is the closest evidence to predicting ACL injury may well not hold true.…”

The 2012 ABJS Nicolas Andry Award: The Sequence of Prevention: A Systematic Approach to Prevent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

“…A recent systematic review [55] showed there are sex differences in trunk and hip motion in all planes (sagittal, coronal and transverse). Decreased force attenuation abilities and altered landing strategies coupled with increased generalized joint laxity, anterior knee laxity, and decreased torsional stiffness in females may partially explain their increased risk for ACL injuries compared with males [26,76,91,109].…”

“…Female athletes who have a combination of decreased relative hamstrings and high relative quadriceps strength may be at increased risk for ACL injury [62]. In addition, hip muscular recruitment strategies differ between males and females which may predispose females to knee abduction moments and motions that put them at greater risk for ACL injury [16,18,55,61,109].…”

“…Systematic reviews by our research team indicate many aspects of neuromuscular function continue to mature throughout adolescence, and at least some children experience delays or regressions in some neuromuscular control mechanisms [20,96]. Deficits, delays, or regressions in neuromuscular function such as reduced frontal plane lower extremity control (particularly related to lower extremity movement tasks) appear to be associated with increased ACL injury risk in female athletes [19,85,109].…”