Gender Bias in Household Expenditure on Education: A Study in Tamil Nadu

Sundari, Siti

doi:10.1177/0973703020150204

Cited by 1 publication

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“…For instance, one plausible cause for gender bias within households is the differential labour market returns to education for males and females, and sons are often seen as old-age support, while economic returns to daughters' education are perceived to be reaped by their future in-laws (Aslam & Kingdon, 2008). The problem of gender discrimination is compounded by a combination of various socio-economic factors, such as poverty, caste inequalities, illiteracy and deplorable employment status of parents (Saha, 2013;Sundari, 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoliberalism, Compulsory Education and Compulsion to Pay: Magnitude, Patterns and Determinants of Household Expenditure in Indian Punjab

Gill,

Narwana,

Choudhury

2023

Review of Development and Change

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Based on a recent primary survey, this study aims to examine the magnitude, patterns and determinants of household expenditure on compulsory schooling in Punjab. Our findings suggest that the increasing presence of private schools in the education marketplace, particularly in the contemporary era of neoliberalism, has commodified the education in the state, and these education providers offer compulsory schooling in diverse forms, with varying costs depending on the demand of their student clientele. Parents who enroll their children in elite private schools pay approximately seven times more than those choosing low-fee private schools. Private schools exert undue financial burden on their parent clientele (particularly those from low- and middle-income groups). This situation highlights the concept of ‘compulsion to pay’, especially in the absence of an acceptable quality of service provided by state-owned schools. Our regression analysis results on determinants of household expenditure reveal that households from socially and economically marginalised sections (for example, scheduled castes and the poor) spend significantly less than their more affluent counterparts. We recommend that the state take a more stringent approach to regulating these non-state education providers, particularly in terms of exorbitant fees, which would prevent further widening of the existing socio-economic inequality in the state.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%