This study derives its motivation from the 21st-century skills, often referred to as the "skills of the era," which encompass goals inspired by contrasting philosophies. Educators are expected to nurture environmentally conscious, health-literate, and culturally sensitive individuals while fostering competitive, outcome-oriented, financially literate individuals. There's a quest to harmonize these attributes, driving specific investments. The need for an educational landscape overview becomes evident. Within educational sciences, interpreting 21st-century skills, selecting focused skills, and understanding data collection sources prompt multidimensional discussions. Thus, the study's core objective is to map fundamental characteristics of literature emphasizing 21st-century skills.Analyzing 157 recent phd theses in Turkey's educational sciences field, the study examines academic disciplines, emphasized skills, methodologies, data collection tools, participants, and outcomes. Literature review shows variations in emphasis on 21st-century skills, with some receiving attention while others are marginalized. Study participants mainly comprise students and educators. The conclusion highlights recommended tools like mobile apps, animation software, websites, instructional techniques, and devices, as advised by authors.