“…Women are generally found to have less access to private motorized vehicles, rely more heavily on public transportation and walking, and make more chained trips, comprising multiple destinations at shorter distances and non‐standard times for varying purposes (Gossen & Purvis, ; Krizek et al ., ; Kunieda & Gauthier, ; Emond et al ., ). Common explanatory factors for lower rates of cycling among women include: (i) labour market positions, (ii) household roles and responsibilities, (iii) life stages, (iv) gender‐based perceptions and valorization of safety and risk, (v) cultural norms, (vi) physical barriers such as urban spatial structures which segregate housing from other land uses, (vii) weather and topographical conditions and (viii) lacking public transportation systems (McGuckin & Nakamoto, ; Kunieda & Gauthier, ; Garrard et al ., ; Krizek et al ., ; Lusk et al ., ). Though still an emerging area of research, studies of women in developing countries find pronounced mobility challenges related to lower levels of income, tenuous social and legal statuses, strained infrastructural conditions resulting from rapid urbanization (including lacking public transportation options), cultural and religious norms, and threats of harassment and violence in public spaces (Astrop, ; Peters, ; Rosenbloom & Plessis‐Fraissard, ; Tran & Schlyter, ).…”