Gender and field of study as determinants of self-employment

Leoni, Thomas; Falk, Martin

doi:10.1007/s11187-008-9114-1

Cited by 80 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, women may seek flexible employment options that are more possible in self-employment than in the traditional wage/salary employment (Budig, 2006). Finally, women's frustration with 'glass ceilings' and other forms of vertical segregation may motivate them to consider entrepreneurship (Leoni and Falk, 2010). Indeed, highly skilled women earn greater income in self-employment than their traditional wage and salary counterparts, whereas low-skilled women earn lower returns (Devine, 1994;Budig, 2006).…”

Section: Industrial Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Institutions and Cross-National Patterns of Business Creation for Men and Women

2010

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In this article, we explore how gendered entrepreneurship rates are affected by both soft (values, beliefs and expectations) and hard (institutionalized norms and practices) measures of cultural institutions. We use data from the 2001 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for 25 265 individuals in 11 countries to examine how institutional arrangements related to women's employment (role of occupational segregation, gender wage inequality, female business leadership and public childcare support) interact with individual-level perceptions in ways that increase women's start-up. Controlling for national variations in opportunity structure, our results show that gendered institutions (female business leadership, gender wage inequality and public expenditures on childcare) influence the decision to start a business indirectly through perceptions and gender.Dans cet article, nous examinons comment les taux d'entreprenariat fe´minin sont influence´s par les institutions culturelles tant 'douces' (valeurs, croyances, attentes) que 'dures' (normes et pratiques institutionnalise´es). Nous utilisons des donne´es tire´es de l'enqueˆte Global Entrepreneurship Monitor de 2001 conduite sur 25 265 individus dans 11 pays diffe´rents afin de de´terminer comment les arrangements institutionnels concernant le travail des femmes (roˆle de la se´gre´gation professionnelle des femmes, les ine´galite´s de salaires entre hommes et femmes, le leadership fe´minin en entreprise, les programmes publics d'accueil des enfants) influencent les perceptions individuelles de telles fac¸ons qu'elles augmentent le nombre de startups de femmes. En controˆlant les variations de structure d'opportunite´s qui existent entre les diffe´rents pays, nous montrons que les institutions (le leadership fe´minin en entreprise, les ine´galite´s de salaires entre hommes et femmes, et les de´penses publiques consacre´es a`l'accueil des enfants ) influencent indirectement -a`travers des perceptions concernant les sexes -la de´cision de cre´er une entreprise.

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Section: Industrial Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Institutions and Cross-National Patterns of Business Creation for Men and Women

2010

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“…Pese a ello, el número de mujeres emprendedoras aún sigue siendo menor que el de los hombres. De hecho, uno de los resultados empíricos que se confirman en la mayoría de los estudios sobre emprendimiento es que las mujeres presentan una menor intención o probabilidad de emprender que los hombres, pudiéndose observar esta brecha de género en la mayoría de los países (Leoni & Falk, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

La influencia del género y de la formación académica en la intención de emprender de los estudiantes de ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte

González-Serrano¹,

Valantinė²,

Campos³

et al. 2016

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ResumenObjeto: El objetivo del presente artículo es conocer si existen diferencias en las variables que explican la intención de emprender de los estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte atendiendo a la formación y al género de éstos.Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Para conocer las intenciones de emprender y las distintas variables relacionadas con el emprendimiento se utilizó un cuestionario previamente validado.Éste fue administrado a 578 estudiantes pre-graduados (1er -4º curso) y post-graduados de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de Valencia. Aportaciones y resultados:Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) en las variables que predicen la intención de emprender según género y formación de los estudiantes. En ambos -759-

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“…The authors conclude that gendered norms and values, as well as institutional deficiencies, restrict women's self-employment opportunities. Also, non-pecuniary motivation such as flexibility (Burke et al 2002), educational choices (Leoni and Falk 2008), work values (Terrell and Troilo 2010), differences in human capital and labour market experience (Georgellis et al 2005) often explain the determinants of women's self-employment decision. Table 8 displays the estimated informality equations.…”

Section: Selection Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal self-employment in Kazakhstan

Mussurov

Arabsheibani

2015

IZA J Labor Develop

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We use data from the Kazakhstan Labour Force Survey (KLFS) for the period 2006-2011 to examine factors that determine informality amongst self-employed men and women. In addition, the paper examines the response of informality propensities to the recent global crisis. The decomposition suggests that the reduction in the predicted probabilities of being informal is mainly attributable to the unexplained component. Individual characteristics have played a relatively small role, except for changes in tenure, hours of work and education.JEL classification: P29, O17

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Gender and field of study as determinants of self-employment

Abstract: Labour force composition, Professional labour markets, Economics of gender, Human capital, skills, J82, J44, J16, J24, L26,

Cited by 80 publications

References 40 publications

Gendered Institutions and Cross-National Patterns of Business Creation for Men and Women

Gendered Institutions and Cross-National Patterns of Business Creation for Men and Women

La influencia del género y de la formación académica en la intención de emprender de los estudiantes de ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte

Informal self-employment in Kazakhstan

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