Gender, Age, and Education Level Modify the Association between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hangzhou, China

Fan, Mengyu; Su, Meng; Tan, Yin; Liu, Qingmin; Ren, Yanjun; Li, Liming; Lv, Jun

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125534

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, having a higher education qualification was associated with lower levels of self-reported physical activity. This is also in accordance with the findings of previous studies in different countries [13, 44, 45]. Educated people in Nepal are more likely to have sedentary jobs, which is likely the reason for their lower total self-reported physical activity levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of physical activity in Nepal: findings from a nationally representative study using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

et al. 2019

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Background The promotion of a physically active lifestyle might help address the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in Nepal. However, there is a lack of nationally representative estimates of physical activity (PA) prevalence in Nepal. The aim of this nationwide cross-sectional study was to determine domain-specific PA levels and the association of socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics with total PA among Nepalese adults aged 15–69 years. Methods The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires in a nationally representative sample of 4143 adults (66.5% females), comprised of both rural and urban populations in Nepal. PA levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Results Based on self-reported estimates, around 97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 96–98%) of men and 98% (95% CI: 98–99%) of women were found to meet the recommended levels of PA. Both men and women reported high occupational PA, whilst most participants of both sexes did not report engaging in any leisure-time PA. A multiple regression analysis showed that less self-reported total PA was associated with older age, higher level of education, urban place of residence, never been married, being underweight, and smoking in both sexes and with overweight and obesity in males ( p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion According to self-reported estimates, majority of Nepalese men and women are meeting the recommended levels of PA. The total self-reported PA in Nepalese adults is high, because many of them have labour intensive jobs. Although older age, higher level of education, urban place of residence, never been married, being underweight, and smoking in both sexes, as well as overweight and obesity in males were inversely associated with self-reported PA, the overall level of PA in all these groups was very high. Given the high overall self-reported PA found in the current study, promoting more PA in Nepal may not be as important as in some other countries; not even in the population groups for which we found a negative association with PA. Nevertheless, future studies should examine whether a more balanced distribution of occupational and leisure-time PA would promote better health among Nepalese adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7215-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of physical activity in Nepal: findings from a nationally representative study using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

et al. 2019

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“…The present study demonstrated the direct association between low physical activity and overweight/obesity. Other studies have shown similar findings including Hangzhou, China (2012, 1362 eligible people: 624 men and 738 women, aged 23‐59 years), and Maiduguri, Nigeria (2015, 1006: secondary school adolescents, 50.4% girls, aged 12‐18 years) . We demonstrated a significant association between diabetes and low physical activity which is similar to the result of studies in Nepal, (2007‐8), Malaysian, (2011), and Sri Lanka, (2005‐6), but in contrast to another study in Pakistan (2007) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and correlates of low physical activity in the Iranian population: National survey on non‐communicable diseases in 2011

Sahebkar

Miri

Noormohammadpour

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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To assess the prevalence and correlates of low physical activity among Iranian population aged 15-64 years. We used the data collected in National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran, 2011. Physical activity was categorized in 3 levels of low, moderate, and high based on a Persian version of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The multistage cluster sampling design was accounted for using complex survey analysis method. The sample included 10016 individuals; 41.7% (n = 4178) were men and 58.3% (n = 5837) were women. The mean (SD) age of participants was 38.8 (14.9) years also, and 69.8% (n = 6991) of the participants were from urban areas. The prevalence of low physical activity in the whole population was estimated to be 44.8% (95% CI: 41.7, 48.1). The odds of lower physical activity in the women were 3 times greater than men (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.57); in the wealthiest people was 25% lower than the poorest people (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94). The odds of lower physical activity in the age groups 55-64 years were 44% greater than the youngest age groups 15-24 years (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68). The odds of lower physical activity in the obese participants were 18% greater than normal-weight people (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38).). The odds of lower physical activity in diabetic patients were 30% greater than healthy people (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.57). The prevalence of low physical activity in Iran, 2011 was high. The correlates of low physical activity in Iran are different to those of Western populations. The main associated factors with low physical activity were female gender, urban area, low socioeconomic status, obesity, diabetes, and older age. Public health policies should target the groups at highest risk of low physical activity.

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“…Based on 13 studies, the association between employment status and SB was mixed. Four studies reported a negative association between being unemployed/not full‐time employed and total SB (Mabry only for males) while five did not find a significant relationship. Income featured as a correlate in 12 studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Correlates of sedentary behaviour in Asian adults: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Summary The objective of this study is to systematically review the evidence on correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among Asian adults. We searched for studies that examined individual, environmental, and political/cultural correlates of total and domain‐specific SB (transport, occupation, leisure, and screen time) in Asian adults published from 2000 onwards in nine scientific databases. Two reviewers independently screened identified references. Following quality assessment of included studies, we performed narrative synthesis that considered differences based on SB measurements, regions, and population characteristics (PROSPERO: CRD42018095268). We identified 13 249 papers of which we included 49, from four regions and 12 countries. Researchers conducted cross‐sectional analyses and most relied on SB self‐report for SB measurement. Of the 118 correlates studied, the following associations were consistent: higher age, living in an urban area (East Asia), and lower mental health with higher total SB; higher education with higher total and occupational SB; higher income with higher leisure‐time SB; higher transit density with higher total SB in older East Asians; and being an unmarried women with higher SB in the Middle East. We encourage more research in non‐high‐income countries across regions, further exploration of important but neglected correlates using longitudinal designs and qualitative research, and the use of objective instruments to collect SB data.

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Gender, Age, and Education Level Modify the Association between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hangzhou, China

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of physical activity in Nepal: findings from a nationally representative study using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of physical activity in Nepal: findings from a nationally representative study using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

Prevalence and correlates of low physical activity in the Iranian population: National survey on non‐communicable diseases in 2011

Correlates of sedentary behaviour in Asian adults: A systematic review

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