Gemcitabine and Cisplatin induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report with review of literature

Kabre, Rohit Santosh; Kamble, K.M.

doi:10.4103/2279-042x.192464

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Since it was first documented in 1980, only 17 cases of cisplatin-induced encephalopathy have been observed [9][10][11]. Today, its global incidence is not known due to its rarity [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Cisplatin-Induced Encephalopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Jebrouni,

Bailal,

Omari

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Cisplatin is a cancer therapy drug commonly used. It is well-known for its antineoplastic properties, as well as for its numerous adverse effects, particularly its neurotoxicity. Symptoms associated with a central nervous system injury are unusual but can present a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report a case of a 62-year-old patient who was diagnosed with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was administrated. Five days following the second cycle of treatment, the patient presented neurological disorders. A full biological workup and brain imaging were requested and revealed no abnormalities. The diagnosis of cisplatin encephalopathy was then suspected. Twenty days after cessation of cisplatin therapy, the neurological symptoms began to improve. Based on our case and a review of the literature, cisplatin-induced encephalopathy remains unusual. Its diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological, and radiological criteria and requires the exclusion of other etiologies for neurological disorders in a patient being treated for cancer. Treatment is symptomatic and depends on stopping cisplatin therapy. These neurological adverse effects are often transitory and disappear without major repercussions.

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“…Since it was first documented in 1980, only 17 cases of cisplatin-induced encephalopathy have been observed [9][10][11]. Today, its global incidence is not known due to its rarity [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Cisplatin-Induced Encephalopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Jebrouni,

Bailal,

Omari

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…The first is represented by posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which consists in cortical blindness, a decreased level of consciousness, seizures, and hypertension (Highley et al, 1992). This complication can occur at the end of CDDP chemotherapy; despite the severity of this clinical syndrome, the majority of the patients make a full recovery (Steeghs et al, 2003; Zahir et al, 2012; Kabre and Kamble, 2016). Focal neurological deficits or a decreased level of consciousness, with or without seizures, has been described (Berman and Mann, 1980; Mead et al, 1982; Gorman et al, 1989; Brauers et al, 1997; Fuse-Nagase et al, 1997; Chue et al, 2009; Rohitashwa et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy-Related Encephalopathy With Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in a Child With Osteosarcoma: A Case Report With a Review of Literature

et al. 2019

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Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary cancer of the bones, and a combination of primary chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy is its current treatment. In adults, some authors have reported problems with memory and concentration following chemotherapy, but in children, severe neurologic dysfunction has been rarely reported. This report describes a 13-year-old patient with primary high-grade nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the tibia who developed encephalopathy with super-refractory status epilepticus related to chemotherapy. He received methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (CDDP)-containing polychemotherapy, and after the first course of drug administration, he developed fever, confusion, a state of psychomotor agitation, and super-refractory status epilepticus with normal laboratory and imaging findings. The causal relationship between the administration of the first polychemotherapy course and his neurological manifestations may be supported by the evaluation and exclusion of other causes. The administration of antiepileptic drugs and off-label atypical antipsychotics was necessary to treat his neurological complications and behavioral changes. This patient represents the first known example of super-refractory status epilepticus in a child treated with MTX and CDDP-containing chemotherapy. Physicians should be aware that encephalopathy and seizures are possible consequences of CDDP therapy when administered alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to better define this relationship in children.

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“…It has uncommon neurological side effects like peripheral neuropathy (3%) and somnolence (9%). The first reported case of PRES with gemcitabine was in 2001 [10]. It has a propensity to induce thrombotic microangiopathy which might be caused due to disruption of the complement pathway.…”

Section: Review Drugs Causing Pres and Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressant Therapy-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Kaur¹,

Ashraf²,

Peck³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an entity which is characterized by acute to subacute onset of neurological symptoms like altered mental status, seizures, headaches and other focal neurological deficits. It is diagnosed with the help of MRI findings which typically involve the subcortical white matter of parieto-occipital lobes. In this review, we will discuss the various etiologies and risk factors including some of the most common chemotherapeutic agents and immunosuppressant agents associated with this disorder. We will discuss the mechanism of actions and side effect profiles of a few drugs and their role in causation of PRES. This review article discusses if there is any difference in presentation and imaging findings of PRES caused by cytotoxic agents versus caused by other etiologies. It also highlights the difficulty in management of PRES caused by cytotoxic agents as the discontinuation of these drugs could be lifethreatening due to graft rejections or graft versus host disease.

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Gemcitabine and Cisplatin induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report with review of literature

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Management of Cisplatin-Induced Encephalopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Management of Cisplatin-Induced Encephalopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Chemotherapy-Related Encephalopathy With Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in a Child With Osteosarcoma: A Case Report With a Review of Literature

Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressant Therapy-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

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