Gelators for organic liquids based on self-assembly: a new facet of supramolecular and combinatorial chemistry

Gronwald, Oliver; Snip, Erwin; Shinkai, Seiji

doi:10.1016/s1359-0294(02)00016-x

Cited by 258 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…24,25,28,30,65 The knowledge of molecular packing within the organogel network has been obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), 20 dynamic and static light scattering (elastic or quasielastic light scattering techniques QLS), 21,22,[66][67][68] small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 21,22,[69][70][71][72] These techniques allow many features of organogels to be deciphered at 1 to 1000 nm scale. Recently, SAXS and AFM have become important tools in determining the molecular arrangement of long range structures such as LOs, along with the absolute quantities such as diameter, length, or topology in gels.…”

Section: Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, SAXS and AFM have become important tools in determining the molecular arrangement of long range structures such as LOs, along with the absolute quantities such as diameter, length, or topology in gels. 72,73 The scattering information (SAXS and SANS measurements) on organogels, which could be obtained even in undiluted samples (ie, without disturbing the originality of the system), combined with mathematical analysis provides such information as static correlation length "ξ,"mesh size of the network (or the number density of entanglements 'ν'), diffusion coefficients, and flexibility of the fibrous network, along with the structural features of the crosssections of LOs. 20,21,70,71,74,75 The direct visualization of the gel in its naïve state is possible using AFM, which allows observing the microstructures of the fibrous network throughout the gel mass.…”

Section: Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lecithin organogels as a potential phospholipid-structured system for topical drug delivery: A review

2005

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The purpose of this review is to give an insight into the considerable potential of lecithin organogels (LOs) in the applications meant for topical drug delivery. LOs are clear, thermodynamically stable, viscoelastic, and biocompatible jelly-like phases, chiefly composed of hydrated phospholipids and appropriate organic liquid. These systems are currently of interest to the pharmaceutical scientist because of their structural and functional benefits. Several therapeutic agents have been formulated as LOs for their facilitated transport through topical route (for dermal or transdermal effect), with some very encouraging results. The improved topical drug delivery has mainly been attributed to the biphasic drug solubility, the desired drug partitioning, and the modification of skin barrier function by the organogel components. Being thermodynamically stable, LOs are prepared by spontaneous emulsification and therefore possess prolonged shelf life. The utility of this novel matrix as a topical vehicle has further increased owing to its very low skin irritancy potential. Varied aspects of LOs viz formation, composition, phase behavior, and characterization have been elaborated, including a general discussion on the developmental background. Besides a comprehensive update on the topical applications of lecithin organogels, the review also includes a detailed account on the mechanistics of organogelling.

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Section: Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lecithin organogels as a potential phospholipid-structured system for topical drug delivery: A review

2005

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“…[12] Es wurde gezeigt, dass eine Vielzahl von chemischen Verbindungen zur Gelbildung fähig ist. Dazu gehören Tenside, [13] Zucker, [14] Fettsäuren, [15] Aminosäuren [16] und viele andere mehr. [4,5,17] Aufgrund ihrer Vielfalt und ihrer bemerkenswerten Eigenschaften sind supramolekulare Gele für eine Reihe von "Hightech"-Anwendungen interessant.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Bausteine mit Hohlräumen in supramolekularen Gelen

Foster

Steed

2010

Angewandte Chemie

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Der Einsatz supramolekularer Gelatoren mit Hohlräumen eröffnet eine Reihe von Möglichkeiten, die bei anderen Gelsystemen nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Mit der bekannten Wirt‐Gast‐Chemie von Cavitanden können Gelstrukturen auf‐ und abgebaut, reaktionsfähige Funktionalitäten eingeführt und die Selektivität bei Anwendungen wie Katalyse oder Extraktion potenziell verbessert werden. Gelatoren mit Hohlräumen zeigen beispielhaft, wie verschiedene Aspekte der supramolekularen Chemie verwendet werden können, um gezielt reaktionsfähige Materialien herzustellen.

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“…[9][10][11][12] The highly organized 1-dimensional structures formed by many low-molecular weight gelators have suggested their use as templates for the preparation of nanostructured materials. [13] In organic solution, low-molecular weight gelators have been used to template the formation of polyaniline nanowires via electrostatic interactions, [14] and the formation of polydiacetylene nanowires via post-polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanowires Formed by the Co‐Assembly of a Negatively Charged Low‐Molecular Weight Gelator and a Zwitterionic Polythiophene

Ganesan

Jong³

et al. 2010

ChemPhysChem

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Conjugated organic nanowires have been prepared by co-assembling a carboxylate containing low-molecular weight gelator (LMWG) and an amino acid substituted polythiophene derivative (PTT). Upon introducing the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte PTT to a basic molecular solution of the organogelator, the negative charges on the LMWG are compensated by the positive charges of the PTT. As a result, nanowires form through co-assembly. These nanowires are visualized by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Depending on the concentration and ratio of the components these nanowires can be micrometers long. These measurements further suggest that the aggregates adopt a helical conformation. The morphology of these nanowires are studied with fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The interactions between LMWG and PTT are characterized by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy studies. The steady-state spectra indicate that the backbone of the PTT adopts a more planar and more aggregated conformation when interacting with LMWG. The time- resolved fluorescence decay studies confirm this interpretation.

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Gelators for organic liquids based on self-assembly: a new facet of supramolecular and combinatorial chemistry

Cited by 258 publications

References 65 publications

Lecithin organogels as a potential phospholipid-structured system for topical drug delivery: A review

Lecithin organogels as a potential phospholipid-structured system for topical drug delivery: A review

Bausteine mit Hohlräumen in supramolekularen Gelen

Nanowires Formed by the Co‐Assembly of a Negatively Charged Low‐Molecular Weight Gelator and a Zwitterionic Polythiophene

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