Gelatine as a crustal analogue: Determining elastic properties for modelling magmatic intrusions

Kavanagh, Janine; Menand, Thierry; Daniels, Katherine A.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.032

Cited by 101 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Examples of soft elastic materials include gelatine. Gelatine is the common name for animal and plant viscoelastic biopolymers, which have been adopted for analogue modelling (see Di Giuseppe et al, 2009;Kavanagh et al, 2008Kavanagh et al, , 2013van Otterloo and Cruden, 2016, for a complete rheological characterization of a wide range of gelatines). The shear modulus of gelatine is controlled by its concentration.…”

Section: Elastic Rock Analogue Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Abstract. Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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Section: Elastic Rock Analogue Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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“…The stiffness (Young's modulus, E) and the strength (fracture toughness, K c ) of gelatine can be jointly tuned by varying the gelatine concentration (Di Giuseppe et al 2009;Kavanagh et al 2013), while the Poisson's ratio is constant at ν = 0.5 (Djabourov et al 1988a, b). K c can be calculated by measuring the fluid pressure required to propagate an existing crack (Menand and Tait 2002;Kavanagh et al 2013).…”

Section: Rigid Walls Air + Glass Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rigid Walls Air + Glass Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…K c can be calculated by measuring the fluid pressure required to propagate an existing crack (Menand and Tait 2002;Kavanagh et al 2013). Systematic measurements show that E is a linear function of the gelatine concentration (Kavanagh et al 2013). Nevertheless, for a given gelatine concentration, E is also time-dependent (Kavanagh et al 2013), as the gelification process continues long time after the gelatine becomes solid.…”

Section: Rigid Walls Air + Glass Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: A Review

Galland

Holohan

Vries

et al. 2015

Advances in Volcanology

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We review the numerous experimental studies dedicated to unravelling the physics and dynamics of various parts of a volcanic plumbing system. Section 1 lists the model materials commonly used for model magmas or model rocks. We describe these materials' mechanical properties and discuss their suitability for modelling sub-volcanic processes. Section 2 examines the fundamental concepts of dimensional analysis and similarity in laboratory modelling. We provide a step-by-step explanation of how to apply dimensional analysis to laboratory models in order to identify fundamental physical laws that govern the modelled processes in dimensionless (i.e. scale independent) form. Section 3 summarises and discusses the past applications of laboratory models to understand numerous features of volcanic plumbing systems. These include: dykes, cone sheets, sills, laccoliths, caldera-related structures, ground deformation, magma/fault interactions, and explosive vents. We outline how laboratory models have yielded insights into the main geometric and mechanical controls on the development of each part of the volcanic

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“…Gelatine is a viscoelastic material that deforms almost ideally elastically at low temperatures and low concentrations (Kavanagh et al, 2013). It has been used as an analogue host material for magmatic sheet intrusions since Hubbert and Willis (1957) injected a plaster-of-Paris slurry "fracturing fluid' into a gelatine solid to study hydraulic fractures ( Fig.…”

Section: Elastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of laboratory and numerical modelling in volcanology

Kavanagh¹,

Engwell²,

Martin³

2018

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Modelling has been used in the study of volcanic systems for more than 100 years, building upon the approach first applied by Sir James Hall in 1815. Informed by observations of volcanological phenomena in nature, including eyewitness accounts of eruptions, geophysical or geodetic monitoring of active volcanoes, and geological analysis of ancient deposits, laboratory and numerical models have been used to describe and quantify volcanic and magmatic processes that span orders of magnitudes of time and space. We review the use of laboratory and numerical modelling in volcanological research, focussing on sub-surface and eruptive processes including the accretion and evolution of magma chambers, the propagation of sheet intrusions, the development of volcanic flows (lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, and lahars), volcanic plume formation, and ash dispersal.When first introduced into volcanology, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations marked a transition in approach from broadly qualitative to increasingly quantitative research. These methods are now widely used in volcanology to describe the physical and chemical behaviours that govern volcanic and magmatic systems. Creating simplified models of highly dynamical systems enables volcanologists to simulate and potentially predict the nature and impact of future eruptions. These tools have provided significant insights into many aspects of the volcanic plumbing system and eruptive processes. The largest scientific advances in volcanology have come from a multidisciplinary approach, applying developments in diverse fields such as engineering and computer science to study magmatic and volcanic phenomena. A global effort in the integration of laboratory and numerical volcano modelling is now required to tackle key problems in volcanology and points towards the importance of benchmarking exercises and the need for protocols to be developed so that models are routinely tested against "real world" data.

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Gelatine as a crustal analogue: Determining elastic properties for modelling magmatic intrusions

Cited by 101 publications

References 43 publications

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: A Review

A review of laboratory and numerical modelling in volcanology

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