Gehirnschu�verletzungen durch Luftdruckwaffen

Dittmann, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00198628

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Slight effects on the nervous system and kidneys (critical organs) have been reported at BPb concentrations around 30 µg/dL (4). In the case of gunshot wounds in which shotguns are fired at close range, a large number of lead pellets may be retained in different parts of the body (9,10). If the number of lead pellets is large enough, dissolved lead from the pellets may cause adverse health effects as time passes (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead concentration after a shotgun accident.

Gerhardsson

Dahlin

Knebel

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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In an accidental shooting, a man in his late forties was hit in his left shoulder region by about 60 lead pellets from a shotgun. He had injuries to the vessels, the clavicle, muscles, and nerves, with total paralysis of the left arm due to axonal injury. After several surgical revisions and temporary cover with split skin, reconstructive surgery was carried out 54 days after the accident. The brachial plexus was swollen, but the continuity of the nerve trunks was not broken (no neuroma present). We determined the blood lead (BPb) concentration during a follow-up period of 12 months. The BPb concentration increased considerably during the first months. Although 30 lead pellets were removed during the reconstructive surgery, the BPb concentration continued to rise, and reached a peak of 62 microg/dL (3.0 micromol/L) on day 81. Thereafter it started to decline. Twelve months after the accident, BPb had leveled off at about 30 microg/dL. At that time, muscle and sensory functions had partially recovered. The BPb concentration exceeded 30 microg/dL for 9 months, which may have influenced the recovery rate of nerve function. Subjects with a large number of lead pellets or fragments embedded in the body after shooting accidents should be followed for many years by regular determinations of BPb. To obtain a more stable basis for risk assessment, the BPb concentrations should be corrected for variations in the subject's hemoglobin concentration or erythrocyte volume fraction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead concentration after a shotgun accident.

Gerhardsson

Dahlin

Knebel

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…-The use of a humane killer for livestock slaughter (Liebegott 1949;Schiermeyer 1973), air rifle (Pollack 1978Dittmann 1986;Cohle et al 1987) or signal pistol (Cseh 1933). …”

Section: Selection Of Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetrating gunshots to the head and lack of immediate incapacitation II. Review of case reports

Karger

1995

Int J Leg Med

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Because of the enhanced intracranial tissue disruption (see companion paper) and the functional significance of the central nervous system, penetrating gunshot wounds of the head commonly result in immediate incapacitation. However, in the last century numerous publications reported sustained capability to act following penetrating gunshot wounds of the head. These are reviewed. A large number of case reports had to be excluded from re-examination because of doubtful capability to act or lack of morphological documentation. There remained 53 case reports from 42 sources for systematic analysis. Favourable conditions for sustained capability to act are present in cases where the additional wounding resulting from the special wound ballistic qualities of the head (see companion paper) are minimized. Thus, more than 70% of the guns used fired slow and lightweight bullets: 6.35 mm Browning, .22 rimfire or extremely ineffective projectiles (ancient, inappropriate or selfmade). A centre-fire rifle or a shotgun from close range were never employed in cases involving intracerebral tracts. A coincidence of several lucky circumstances made sustained capability to act possible in two cases of military centrefire rifle bullets passing longitudinally between the frontal lobes without direct contact with brain tissue. Only two large handguns resulting in intracerebral wounding were used: one firing a .38 special bullet, which solely wounded the base of the right temporal lobe and one firing a .45 lead bullet, which seriously injured the left frontal lobe but whose trajectory was limited to the anterior fossa of the skull. Of the trajectories, 28% were outside the neurocranium. At least 70% of the craniocerebral tracts passed above the anterior fossa of the skull, wounding the frontal parts of the brain. Apart from a neurophysiological approach, this preference can be explained by the fact that the base of the anterior cranial fossa and the sella turcica area serve as a bony barrier protecting the parts of the brain located in its "shadow"' relative to the trajectory against cavitational tissue displacement and associated overpressures. This is particularly true of the brain stem. Intracerebral trajectories not located above the anterior fossa were caused by slow and lightweight bullets preferring one temporal lobe. Additionally, one parietal and one occipital lobe were each injured once by a very ineffective projectile and by a 7.65-mm bullet reduced in velocity. Not a single case of injury to the brain stem, the diencephalon, the cerebellum or major paths of motor conduction and only one grazing shot of the anterior parts of the nucleus caudatus (basal ganglia) were described. Morphological signs of high intracranial pressure peaks (cortical contusion zones, indirect skull fractures, perivascular haemorrhages) and secondary missiles were poorly documented. It is suggested that these findings are at least very rare and not obvious in cases of sustained capability to act.

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Tödliche Schussverletzung durch ein Luftgewehrprojektil

Meyer

2002

Rechtsmedizin

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Gehirnschu�verletzungen durch Luftdruckwaffen

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Blood lead concentration after a shotgun accident.

Blood lead concentration after a shotgun accident.

Penetrating gunshots to the head and lack of immediate incapacitation II. Review of case reports

Tödliche Schussverletzung durch ein Luftgewehrprojektil

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