GC–MS Coupled with Hollow-Fiber Drop-to-Drop Solvent Microextraction for Determination of Antidepressants Drugs in Human Blood Sample

Abstract

A simple, rapid and sensitive hollow-fiber with drop-to-drop solvent microextraction (HF-DDSME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been successfully developed for extraction and determination of antidepressants drugs (AD) in blood sample. The parameters that affect the separation and preconcentration of AD from sample solution were investigated. Calibration curve obtained for three AD were in the range of 100-1,000; 150-1,200; and 80-1,200 ng mL -1 for amitriptyline, imipramine, and promethazine, respectively, with correlation coefficient (R 2 ) between 0.990 and 0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained for amitriptyline, imipramine and promethazine was 25, 30 and 18 ng mL -1 , respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of AD concentration in blood sample, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 92.3-97.6%. The sample preparation procedure is very simple, effective and virtually solvent-free, and indicated to be a good alternative for the traditional liquid-liquid extraction. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of drug concentration of AD in human blood sample.

A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology

“…Most of the studies used urine or plasma as matrices (30 and 21 out of 41, respectively) [5,. In post-mortem forensic toxicology the most commonly used biological specimen is whole blood, however, from all of the 2-phase HF-LPME studies, only 2 used whole blood [50,59]; limited detail was provided regarding the sample preparation in these studies. Two articles used oral fluid [54,60]; one of them [60] developed a method to extract cocaine and its metabolites, analytes commonly identified in forensic toxicology casework.…”

“…Thirty-two out of the 41 publications included studies mentioned to have used ionic strength as one of the optimized parameters [5,24,28,[30][31][32][33][34][36][37][38][39] [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]61]. The salting-out effect is non-predictable and can either increase the extraction efficiency or decrease it due to the unpredictable effects on physical-chemical properties of the transition film present in the interface [1,15].…”

“…The salting-out effect is non-predictable and can either increase the extraction efficiency or decrease it due to the unpredictable effects on physical-chemical properties of the transition film present in the interface [1,15]. Eighteen of the studies that optimized the ionic strength decided not to use the salting-out technique in the final method [24,28,30,32,34,36,37,42,43,48,49,[51][52][53]56,57,59] due to either the negative impact of increased salt concentration on the extraction, or the lack of effect of it; and 14 of them [5,31,33,38,39,41,[44][45][46][47]54,55,58,61] decided to use the salting-out effect to improve extraction. All the studies that employed the salting-out effect, with exception of three [38,54,55], used sodium chloride.…”

Microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring

“…Later, Tapadia et al . () successfully developed a HF‐DDSME combined with GC‐MS for extraction and determination of antidepressants drugs in blood samples. Toluene was used as extraction solvent into hollow fiber lumen.…”

“…Tapadia et al (2011) Amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, mirtazapine, citalopram MEPS HPLC-UV GC-MS…”