GC-MS Based Metabolite Profiling and Antibacterial Activity of Torch Ginger (<i>Etlingera elatior</i>) Flowers Extract

Abstract

Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flowers are well known for their antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, however, the active compounds are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to conduct GC-MS-based metabolite profiling of torch ginger flower and identify compounds correlated with its S. aureus antibacterial activity using Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS). Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions with a concentration of 80 mg/mL were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited S. aureus growth the most (diameter of inhibition zone, DIZ 13.00–13.20 mm), while the hexane (DIZ 9.55–10.05 mm) and chloroform (DIZ 10.00–11.00 mm) fractions had moderate inhibitory activity, but the ethanol extract had no antibacterial effect. Using OPLS analysis, the GC-MS metabolite profile of all extracts and fractions was linked with the profile of antibacterial activity. This analysis revealed that Dodecanoic acid, 5-Tetradecene, and n-Hexadecanoic acid were identified as the compounds that were significantly connected with antibacterial activity.

Identification of Volatile Compounds of Oil Palm Flower (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Based on the Difference in Time

“…Until now, there has been no research that has identified the volatile compound content of oil palm flowers at different times, in the morning, afternoon and evening. GC-MS is a powerful instrument for identifying volatile compounds from plants [7][8][9]. This study aims to identify the content of volatile compounds in male and female flowers of oil palm based on differences in that time with the GC-MS.…”