GC-MS and GC-IR analysis of regioisomeric cannabinoids related to 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)-indole

Gas Chromatography—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Unambiguous Determination of Illicit Drugs: A Proof of Concept

“…The use of GC-FTIR as an effective tool for forensic drug identification has been already demonstrated 30 years ago, in terms of specificity needed to differentiate between closely related isomers, including cocaine/pseudococaine, phentermine/metamphetamine (Kempfert, 1988 ). In contrast to data afforded by widespread MS detection, the uniqueness of IR spectra allows to quickly discriminate between isomers other than optical isomers without the need for preliminary purification/derivatization, as proven for a number of different drug categories, including cannabinoids (Smith et al, 2014 , 2018 ; Belal et al, 2018 ; DeRuiter et al, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2019 ). Since the disclosure of their existence in herbal mixtures (Auwarter et al, 2009 ), N-alkyl indole-3-carbonyl derivatives targeting cannabinoid receptors have been largely abused, and have accounted for a major portion of new psychoactive substances put illegally on the market.…”

Exploring the Mysteries of Cannabis through Gas Chromatography

“…These techniques increase the abundance of molecular ions allowing the discrimination between structurally-related compounds enhancing at the same time the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the procedure (see Table 1) [42,43]. Alternatively, the combination of the GC-EI-MS and GC-IR techniques allowed the separation of six SCs regioisomers with excellent resolution results [44]. Additionally, Umebachi et al reported the combination of GC-MS using EI, PCI and NCI for the structural elucidation and identification of different SCs in herbal products.…”

Comprehensive Analysis of Analogues of Amine-Related Psychoactive Substances Using Femtosecond Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…Because these compounds have societal importance, an accurate and reliable analytical method for determining such psychoactive substances is highly desirable. A variety of analytical methods have been developed to identify the drugs and include gas chromatography combined with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (VUV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). − These methods all have their pros and cons depending on the application. It should be noted that law enforcement authorities need to make important decisions based on scientific proof in cases of incidents that involve the use of such drugs .…”