Exploring the Mysteries of <i>Cannabis</i> through Gas Chromatography

García-Valverde, María Teresa; Medina, Verónica Sánchez de; Codesido, V.; Hidalgo-García, Jesús; Ferreiro‐Vera, Carlos

doi:10.5772/intechopen.94903

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Despite the problems encountered in the direct analysis of acidic cannabinoids, GC is a well-established technique since different derivatization processes have been proposed to overcome this issue ( García-Valverde et al, 2020 ). However, this process is avoided in many instances since it involves some additional steps of sample treatment, and liquid chromatography is preferred.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature in the degradation of cannabinoids: From a brief residence in the gas chromatography inlet port to a longer period in thermal treatments

García-Valverde¹,

Callado²,

Díaz-Liñán³

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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The substantial increase in legalization and subsequent regulation of cannabis has intensified the control and analytical monitoring of cannabis products to assure sample quality and control the cannabinoid content of the crop. In this sense, the restriction on cultivating legal cannabis plants has been limited to 0.2–0.3% of Δ9-THC content, depending on the host country’s laws. Thereby, cannabis flowers containing more than this limit are considered illicit drug-type cultivations and require the obtention of specific permits to work with them. The official method established by the European Commission set the gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC-FID) as the proper instrument to analyze the delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content. In the present work, the potential drawbacks associated with the utilization of the official method for the evaluation of the Δ9-THC content have been described. Thus, the effect of the GC injector port temperature in the degradation of cannabinoids was evaluated, observing the degradation of CBD by 20%, generating Δ9-THC and CBN as by-products. Likewise, 17.2% of Δ9-THC was degraded, producing CBN as a by-product. Therefore, despite the brief residence of cannabinoids in the GC inlet, the effect of temperature is noteworthy and must be considered. Derivatization of cannabinoids should be a mandatory step to prevent the thermal degradation of cannabinoids, assuring the accuracy of the results. Furthermore, the evaluation of cannabinoid degradation thermally treated for longer periods of time was carried out. The kinetic degradation of CBD was evaluated in this way, observing a degradation of 0.22 μg/L per second. At the same time, the kinetics of the appearance of Δ9-THC demonstrates the intermediate nature of this cannabinoid, being degraded at 0.03 s−1 μM−1. The degradation of CBD also produced CBN and CBE as by-products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature in the degradation of cannabinoids: From a brief residence in the gas chromatography inlet port to a longer period in thermal treatments

García-Valverde¹,

Callado²,

Díaz-Liñán³

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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“…The plant is a source of many biologically active compounds [ 8 ], making it especially interesting as a source of substances already defined as medicinal as well as compounds under investigation as potentially exhibiting medicinal properties [ 8 , 9 ]. Of particular interest are those components of Cannabis sativa L. that show antioxidant properties and thus may potentially modulate oxidative stress that accompanies the development of many diseases [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Biomedical Relevance of Cannabigerol

Jastrząb

Jarocka-Karpowicz

Skrzydlewska

2022

IJMS

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The constant search for new pharmacologically active compounds, especially those that do not exhibit toxic effects, intensifies the interest in plant-based ingredients and their potential use in pharmacotherapy. One of the plants that has great therapeutic potential is Cannabis sativa L., a source of the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), namely cannabidiol (CBD), which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and cannabigerol (CBG)—a biologically active compound that is present in much smaller quantities. CBG is generated during the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of cannabigerolic acid, a key compound in the process of biosynthesis of phytocannabinoids and consequently the precursor to various phytocannabinoids. By interacting with G-protein-coupled receptors, CBG exhibits a wide range of biological activities, inter alia, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities, regulation of the redox balance, and neuromodulatory effects. Due to the wide spectrum of biological activities, CBG seems to be a very promising compound to be used in the treatment of diseases that require multidirectional pharmacotherapy. Moreover, it is suggested that due to the relatively rapid metabolism of cannabigerol, determination of the concentration of the phytocannabinoid in blood or oral fluid can be used to determine cannabis use. Therefore, it seems obvious that new therapeutic approaches using CBG can be expected.

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Exploring the Mysteries of Cannabis through Gas Chromatography

Cited by 2 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of temperature in the degradation of cannabinoids: From a brief residence in the gas chromatography inlet port to a longer period in thermal treatments

Effect of temperature in the degradation of cannabinoids: From a brief residence in the gas chromatography inlet port to a longer period in thermal treatments

The Origin and Biomedical Relevance of Cannabigerol

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