GBV-C/HGV genotypes: Proposed nomenclature for genotypes 1-5

Tucker, Timothy J.; Smuts, Heidi

doi:10.1002/1096-9071(200009)62:1<82::aid-jmv12>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…These isolates, detected in blood donors and hepatitis patients, were designated by the authors as genotype 5-not to be confused with the novel isolates identified in South Africa in the previous year [Tucker et al, 1999] and designated subsequently genotype 5 [Tucker and Smuts, 2000]. An additional study [Mison et al, 2000] suggested the existence of a novel GBV-C genotype found among Pacific Islanders that was unlike genotype 1, 2, or 3 sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Other sequences from Indonesia identified as genotype 4 by Handajani et al grouped with sequences from Myanmar and Vietnam [Naito et al, 1999]. The latter constituted the fourth genotype reported and was subsequently selected as the prototypical genotype 4 isolates by Tucker and Smuts [2000] in their proposed GBV-C nomenclature. Handajani et al did not include the sequences reported in 1999 by Naito et al in their analysis and therefore appear to have identified the fourth GBV-C genotype independently, but sometime after, Naito et al Thus, the GBV-C isolates from Indonesia reported by Handajani et al included representatives of the genotype 4 clade previously described and also a new clade, genotype 6.…”

Section: Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, three genotypes of GBV-C were described that correlated with geographic origin [Muerhoff et al, , 1997Okamoto et al, 1997;Takahashi et al, 1997;Saito et al, 1998]; these included isolates from Africa (genotype 1), North America and Europe (genotype 2), and Japan (genotype 3). The number of genotypes expanded to include novel isolates from Myanmar and Vietnam [Naito et al, 1999] representing a fourth genotype, and isolates from South Africa were subsequently shown to represent the fifth genotype [Sathar et al, 1999;Tucker et al, 1999;Tucker and Smuts, 2000;Sathar and York, 2001]. In most studies, the identification of novel genotypes utilized phylogenetic analysis of the 5 0 -untranslated region (5 0 -UTR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A previously unrecognized sixth genotype of GB virus C revealed by analysis of 5′‐untranslated region sequences

Muerhoff

Dawson

Desai

2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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GB virus C (GBV‐C) is a positive‐strand RNA virus that infects a large proportion of the world's human population. It has been classified tentatively as a member of the Flaviviridae family and has been shown to exist as a group of five closely related genotypes. Recently, we reported the first full‐length genome sequence of a genotype 5 isolate from South Africa [Muerhoff et al. (2005): J Gen Virol 86: 1729–1735]. As part of the analysis of that sequence, a phylogenetic tree was elucidated from the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) that showed excellent congruence to the tree produced by analysis of complete open reading frame sequences. When 5′‐UTR analysis was broadened subsequently to include additional isolates from around the globe, a heretofore unrecognized GBV‐C genotype was discovered in Indonesia. When first reported in 2000 [Handajani et al. (2000): J Clin Microbiol 38:662–668], these isolates were described as constituting a novel fifth genotype. However, comparison to isolates from the then‐known fourth and fifth genotypes (from Myanmar/Vietnam and South Africa, respectively) was not performed. A dataset of 121 GBV‐C 5′‐UTR sequences was complied and included representatives of the fourth and fifth genotypes as well as the “novel” Indonesian sequences and demonstrated, with strong support via bootstrap analysis, the existence of a sixth GBV‐C genotype among infected individuals in Indonesia. The discovery of this sixth genotype emphasizes the diverse nature of GBV‐C isolates and may have important implications for the interpretation of studies involving GBV‐C/HIV co‐infected individuals. J. Med. Virol. 78:105–111, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A previously unrecognized sixth genotype of GB virus C revealed by analysis of 5′‐untranslated region sequences

Muerhoff

Dawson

Desai

2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Hepatitis G virus (HGV, or GB virus C) is an enveloped positive-sense, single-stranded virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae (1). This virus is transmitted via blood and blood products, like the hepatitis C virus (HCV) (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis G virus (HGV), its prevalence and genotypes in patients with hepatitis B & C in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran

Javanmard¹,

Makvandi²,

Hajiani³

et al. 2013

Turk J Med Sci

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The crystal structure of (E)-3- phenylimino)-methyl]benzene-1,2-diol was determined using X-ray diffraction and the molecular structure was investigated with density functional theory (DFT). The X-ray study showed that the title compound has a strong intramolecular O-H. . . N hydrogen bond and 3-dimensional crystal networks are primarily determined by O-H. . . O intermolecular hydrogen bonds and weak van der Waals interactions. The strong O-H. . . N bond is evidence of the preference for the phenol-imine tautomeric form in the solid state. Optimized molecular geometry was calculated with DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The results from both experiment and theoretical calculations for the title compound are compared with each other in this study.

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“…There are geographically divergent isolates, with different genotypes predominating in West Africa, the United States/Europe, and Japan (Loureiro et al 2002, Pavesi 2001, Tucker & Smuts 2000. There is evidence that HGV was introduced from Asia to the New World by earlier humans migrating across the Bering Strait (Loureiro et al 2002).…”

Section: Hepatitis G Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Microbiota as a Marker for Migrations of Individuals and Populations

Domínguez-Bello

Blaser

2011

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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In this review, we discuss evidence that the microbes that constitute the human microbiota coevolved with humans and maintain complex community and host interactions. Because these microbes are mostly vertically transmitted, they have evolved within each human group and provide a view of human ancestry. In particular, we discuss using Helicobacter pylori as a marker of ancestry and migrations. Other organisms with more mixed vertical and horizontal transmission are not suitable to trace migrations with any fidelity. Human mixing affects microbial phylogeographic signals, and lifestyles impact the human microbiome population structure. A decade after the human genome was sequenced, we are gaining insights into the population structure of the human microbiome. We also examine whether, rather than focus on the genetics of single microbial populations, a wider approach to the study of human ancestry based on the human microbiome is now possible.

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GBV-C/HGV genotypes: Proposed nomenclature for genotypes 1-5

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

A previously unrecognized sixth genotype of GB virus C revealed by analysis of 5′‐untranslated region sequences

A previously unrecognized sixth genotype of GB virus C revealed by analysis of 5′‐untranslated region sequences

Hepatitis G virus (HGV), its prevalence and genotypes in patients with hepatitis B & C in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran

The Human Microbiota as a Marker for Migrations of Individuals and Populations

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