Gaze-triggered orienting is reduced in chronic schizophrenia

Akiyama, Tomoko; Kato, Masaaki; Muramatsu, Taro; Maeda, Takuya; Hara, Tsunekatsu; Kashima, Haruo

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.12.004

Cited by 40 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This creates an unstable state in the brain, leading to further inappropriate learning (see Mercado et al, 2001;Kilgard, 2002). As an example, the abnormal early processing of visual data from faces found in autism and schizophrenia appears to be a strong contributor to the poor social cognitive abilities in these disorders; poor social cognitive abilities combined with affective arousal and inappropriate attribution of salience found in schizophrenia in turn increases the risk for paranoia, further perpetuating a state of maladaptive memory formation (Dalton et al, 2005;Akiyama et al, 2008;Heinz and Schlagenhauf, 2010;Kirchner et al, 2011). The point we are making here is that any remediation approach that does not address impairments or biases in early perceptual processing can lead to modest improvements in behavior, especially if the remediation is provided in an enriched therapeutic environment (as has been shown in the meta-analytic studies of schizophrenia), but it is unlikely that these gains will be robust, will generalize to broad new learning patterns, or will be associated with widespread and enduring improvements in the efficiency of distributed neural systems.…”

Section: Cognitive Training Must Address Limitations In Perceptual/prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Training for Impaired Neural Systems in Neuropsychiatric Illness

Vinogradov

Fisher

Villers-Sidani

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

270

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuropsychiatric illnesses are associated with dysfunction in distributed prefrontal neural systems that underlie perception, cognition, social interactions, emotion regulation, and motivation. The high degree of learning-dependent plasticity in these networksFcombined with the availability of advanced computerized technologyFsuggests that we should be able to engineer very specific training programs that drive meaningful and enduring improvements in impaired neural systems relevant to neuropsychiatric illness. However, cognitive training approaches for mental and addictive disorders must take into account possible inherent limitations in the underlying brain 'learning machinery' due to pathophysiology, must grapple with the presence of complex overlearned maladaptive patterns of neural functioning, and must find a way to ally with developmental and psychosocial factors that influence response to illness and to treatment. In this review, we briefly examine the current state of knowledge from studies of cognitive remediation in psychiatry and we highlight open questions. We then present a systems neuroscience rationale for successful cognitive training for neuropsychiatric illnesses, one that emphasizes the distributed nature of neural assemblies that support cognitive and affective processing, as well as their plasticity. It is based on the notion that, during successful learning, the brain represents the relevant perceptual and cognitive/affective inputs and action outputs with disproportionately larger and more coordinated populations of neurons that are distributed (and that are interacting) across multiple levels of processing and throughout multiple brain regions. This approach allows us to address limitations found in earlier research and to introduce important principles for the design and evaluation of the next generation of cognitive training for impaired neural systems. We summarize work to date using such neuroscience-informed methods and indicate some of the exciting future directions of this field.

show abstract

Section: Cognitive Training Must Address Limitations In Perceptual/prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Training for Impaired Neural Systems in Neuropsychiatric Illness

Vinogradov

Fisher

Villers-Sidani

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

270

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to explore this latter hypothesis, in the present study we used the procedure employed by Dodd et al (2011) and examined attention shifting in both conservatives and liberals by comparing gaze and arrow cues. Similar to gaze, arrow cues have been shown to elicit reflexive shifts of attention and are often used as a useful term of comparison for assessing the relative impact of social and symbolic cues both in normal individuals (e.g., Galfano et al 2012;Kuhn and Benson 2007;Kuhn and Kingstone 2009;Kuhn et al 2011;Marotta et al 2014;Tipples 2002) and in clinical populations (e.g., Akiyama et al 2008;Dalmaso et al 2013;Marotta et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of attention contextualized: gaze but not arrow cuing of attention is moderated by political temperament

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is known that an averted gaze can trigger shifts of attention in an observer, a phenomenon known as gaze-cuing effect. Recently, Dodd et al. (Atten Percept Psychophys 73:24-29, 2011) have reported a reliable gaze-cuing effect for liberals but not for conservatives. The present study tested whether this result is gaze-specific or extends over nonsocial spatial signals. Conservatives and liberals took part in a spatial-cuing task in which centrally placed gaze and arrow cues, pointing rightward or leftward, were followed by a peripheral onset target requiring a simple detection response. Whereas a reliable cuing effect was present for both gaze and arrow cues in the case of liberals, conservatives showed a reduced cuing response only for gaze cues. These results provide further support for the pattern reported by Dodd et al. (2011) and are consistent with the view that conservatives are less susceptible to the influence of spatial cues provided by other individuals.

show abstract

“…Several studies showed that social cognition ability consists of a range of precursor skills, including following eyegaze, establishing joint attention, imitation, pretend play, and emotion recognition [7,8]. One of its most intriguing symptoms in schizophrenia is an abnormal sensitivity to gaze [9]. The ability to detect the direction of another person's gaze and to shift our own attention reflexively in the same direction facilitates the sharing of attention with other people [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gaze Direction on Orienting of Attention in Patients with Schizophrenia: Attention or Social Cognition Deficit?

Mariano¹,

Valenti²,

Mazza³

2015

J Depress Anxiety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

interpretation of material; (3) "social behaviour, " which is the effecting of the individual's response [13].The social stimuli are powerful signals but are often processed implicitly, outside the focus of attention. Several studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty interpreting social and emotional cues such as gaze direction [5,14]. One's gaze allows a person to perform several important social functions that range from the regulation of conversations with others to managing of a social position. Gaze perception activates a network of brain regions, including both the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and the amygdala, which are central to the perception of biological motion and social cognition [7,15]. Direct gaze also improves cognitive functions such as recognition memory for faces, categorization of facial gender and selected facial expressions [16,17]. AbstractIntroduction: the ability to use the gaze direction of another person to guide attention is part of a complex construct named Social Cognition. Schizophrenics showed impairments in domains of social cognition.Aim and objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate whether gaze cueing of attention is compromised in schizophrenic subjects.Materials and methods: we tested 18 schizophrenics and 18 controls who were presented with gaze and arrow cues in a modified version of the Posner's spatial cueing paradigm. Results:The performance of schizophrenics was compromised when the cue is represented by the gaze rather than by the arrow. In fact, our results showed that two groups differ only for gaze condition both in reaction times (F 1,34 =61.557; p=0.0001) and number of errors (F 1,34 =6.39; p=0.002). Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that the Eyes Task negatively correlates with invalid condition when the cue was the gaze (r=-0.504, p=0.03). This result underlines the crucial relation between the emotional recognition capacity of the another person's gaze and the orienting of attention capacity through the interpretation of other people's gazes. These capacities seem to be precursors for good development of Social Cognition. Conclusion:Taken together, these findings suggest that schizophrenics showed a specific deficit in social attention, that is part of social cognition construct. Deficit in attention to gaze direction in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to interpersonal and social cognitive difficulties. Thus, the gaze interpretation ability can be considered as an important part in rehabilitation strategies for schizophrenics.

show abstract

Gaze-triggered orienting is reduced in chronic schizophrenia

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive Training for Impaired Neural Systems in Neuropsychiatric Illness

Cognitive Training for Impaired Neural Systems in Neuropsychiatric Illness

The politics of attention contextualized: gaze but not arrow cuing of attention is moderated by political temperament

Effect of Gaze Direction on Orienting of Attention in Patients with Schizophrenia: Attention or Social Cognition Deficit?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About