Gateway load balancing using multiple QoS parameters in a hybrid MANET

Kushwah, Rashmi; Tapaswi, Shashikala; Kumar, Ajay; Pattanaik, K. K.; Yousef, Sufian; Cole, Michael

doi:10.1007/s11276-016-1391-z

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When a route is not available in the route table for the destination, an originating node (source node) broadcasts a route request packet (RREQ) all over the network [20]. RREQ message has the following fields and it shows the RREQ message.…”

Section: A Route Request (Rreq) Message Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frozen Base Gateway Discovery Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hock Network with Internet Connectivity Using AODV + Routing Algorithm

Mekonnen,

Asegi,

Jemal

2023

JFSC

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A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-organized, auto-configured network and the mobile nodes have been free to move. To enable the MANET to connect to the internet it uses an intermediate bridge called a gateway. The MANET and the internet gateway is a heterogeneous network, which needs a gateway discovery. There are three types of gateway discovery mechanisms: proactive, reactive, and hybrid gateway discovery mechanism. The main challenge in the integration of the MANET and the Internet is, that there are high link disconnection results from node mobility and limited energy. In addition link disconnection, packet drop, and end-to-end delay. This study examines the impact of node mobility and energy in the frozen path from the source node to the destination node of MANET In this study, the Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) routing protocol is used and modified to examine the gateway selection for MANET and the Internet. Moreover, the AODV+ control message RREQ and RREP and the routing table are improved to store the energy factor, path queue length, and frozen factor of the path. The proposed gateway discovery algorithm is known as frozen-based gateway AODV+ (F_AODV+), The stability factors of the path from the source node to the gateway, are calculated using a simple additive weighting method of the energy factor, average path queue node, and the path with the Maximum energy factor and minimum queue length is the more Frozen to select Frozen gateway from the source node to distension node.A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-organized, auto-configured network and the mobile nodes have been free to move. To enable the MANET to connect to the internet it uses an intermediate bridge called a gateway. The MANET and the internet gateway is a heterogeneous network, which needs a gateway discovery. There are three types of gateway discovery mechanisms: proactive, reactive, and hybrid gateway discovery mechanism. The main challenge in the integration of the MANET and the Internet is, that there are high link disconnection results from node mobility and limited energy. In addition link disconnection, packet drop, and end-to-end delay. This study examines the impact of node mobility and energy in the frozen path from the source node to the destination node of MANET In this study, the Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) routing protocol is used and modified to examine the gateway selection for MANET and the Internet. Moreover, the AODV+ control message RREQ and RREP and the routing table are improved to store the energy factor, path queue length, and frozen factor of the path. The proposed gateway discovery algorithm is known as frozen-based gateway AODV+ (F_AODV+), The stability factors of the path from the source node to the gateway, are calculated using a simple additive weighting method of the energy factor, average path queue node, and the path with the Maximum energy factor and minimum queue length is the more Frozen to select Frozen gateway from the source node to distension node.

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Section: A Route Request (Rreq) Message Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frozen Base Gateway Discovery Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hock Network with Internet Connectivity Using AODV + Routing Algorithm

Mekonnen,

Asegi,

Jemal

2023

JFSC

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“…The study in [31] proposed a QOS-based load balancing mechanism for a MANET-Internet integrated network to improve data delivery within the integrated network. The proposed system uses a reactive gateway discovery scheme, and mobile nodes run the AODV as the routing protocol.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with the Internet Based on OLSR

Mojamed

2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Although a standalone and isolated mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is practical in many scenarios, integration with the Internet is much more advantageous. The integration of a MANET with the Internet provides MANET users with Internet access and hence increases the scope of the MANET application. In addition, the Internet can benefit from this integration by an extension of the network coverage area. However, the integration of heterogeneous networks raises many issues. To overcome the incompatibilities between different architectures, gateways are used. This paper proposes a lightweight integration scheme for a MANET and the wider Internet, based on the optimized link state routing (OLSR). OLSR routing messages are reengineered and optimized to meet the needs of integration without involving additional routing messages for gateway discovery. The compulsory registration of a MANET node with a gateway node in a traditional integration is not required in the proposed approach, meaning that nodes can move freely within the local MANET with no disruption in the connection to another node in the external network. The proposed system is evaluated using the OMNET++ network simulator and is compared to another existing system. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

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“…In this scheme, the gateway is selected according to the parameter calculated by combining the above three QoS parameters with predefined weights. Recently, a novel approach focusing on gateway load balancing has been proposed to select the lightly loaded gateway, which combines four QoS parameter metrics, including presenting connectivity degree, interface queuing length, routing table entries and hop count, respectively [19].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance is evaluated using one square kilometer as the basic coverage unit with 4 gateways located at the central position on the out boundary of the overall networking coverage area to provide access service. The density of mobile nodes is assumed to be homogeneous ranging from 40 to 120 mobile nodes per square kilometer with a negative exponential distribution, which is similar to the simulation settings being used in [11], [12], and [19]- [21]. The transmission range of mobile node is equal to 250m and the mobile mobility is implemented using the Random Way Point (RWP) mobility model [36] with 10 seconds pause time.…”

Section: A Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bio-Inspired Gateway Selection Scheme for Hybrid Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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The gateway selection is an essential issue in hybrid mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Current independent and random selections without supporting routing negotiation protocol may cause links or gateways overloaded when they are selected by multiple nodes simultaneously. Therefore, the network performance may not be in a proper way. Furthermore, the ad hoc nature of MANETs makes the topology change dynamically, so that the gateway selection becomes even more difficult. This paper presents a mathematical model for gateway capability and a novel approach, called bio-inspired gateway selection, where the gateways are selected according to the network status and associated with a cooperative mechanism for optimization. The novelty includes the use of attractor selection model, the self-adaptability and the autonomy of the biological system. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated by simulation with different scenarios and compared with the conventional approaches being currently used in hybrid MANETs. The illustrated numerical results present the performance of the proposed approach in terms of packet delivery ratio, average delivery latency, normalized routing overhead, and gateway load balance under different network conditions. Furthermore, the numerical results are also able to demonstrate the significant performance gain compared with the conventional gateway selection approaches.INDEX TERMS Hybrid mobile ad hoc network, gateway selection, attractive selection model, dynamic topology, cooperative mechanism.

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Gateway load balancing using multiple QoS parameters in a hybrid MANET

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Frozen Base Gateway Discovery Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hock Network with Internet Connectivity Using AODV + Routing Algorithm

Frozen Base Gateway Discovery Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hock Network with Internet Connectivity Using AODV + Routing Algorithm

Integrating Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with the Internet Based on OLSR

A Bio-Inspired Gateway Selection Scheme for Hybrid Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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