Gated communities: definitions, causes and consequences

Abstract

Gated communities became an 'object of study' in the 1990s as social scientists observed their growth in several cities; they are now a feature of the urban landscape in most cities around the world. The expansion of gated communities has led to prolific research, examining different aspects of this type of residential development and providing evidence from case studies worldwide. This paper reviews how gated communities are conceptualised according to the literature and identifies the main factors influencing their development. It also considers spatial, economic, political and social consequences of the development of gated communities. These elements should be taken into account by planners and policymakers to minimise their negative impacts and maximise the positive consequences of a residential option that is likely to be part of the urban landscape for a long time.

Outgroup residents attitude towards the existence of special Islamic housing

“…Negative term of gated community Roitman (2010) describes that the existence of individual desires, interests, perspectives and opportunities triggers subjectivity from the expansion of the gated community. The causes of subjectivity include: finding social homogeneity, the desire to have a feeling of togetherness in a community, having a high fear of experiencing crime, seeking a better lifestyle, and hoping to have a higher social status and be able to show social differences in particular social groups.…”

“…Edgü & Cimşit (2011) found that living in a gated community usually resides in smaller and more limited residential units, residents provide a number of facilities for social adaptation, and increasing social relations, so that have an impact on satisfaction for the neighborhood in that community. Roitman (2010) explains the existence of subjective causes including an increase in fear of crime, a matter of improving lifestyle, a sense of belongingness in a community, social homogenies, social status aspirations, and social differentiation in certain social groups. Furthermore, Edgü & Cimit (2011) added that security would be maintained if living in this environment because of the limited housing units, facilitated by the social adaptation of its inhabitants, and the consequence was occupant satisfaction.…”

“…This boundaries also builds and describes the place as a facility of activities and life goals for political, economic and social activities. So, the boundary in gated community can contribute to social segregation (Landman, 2000;Manzi& Bowers, 2005;Le Goix, 2005;Roitman, 2010), lack of opportunities for the poor to live in the city (Landman,…”

Splintering (sub) urbanism and social differences: Gated communities as the driver for suburban change in Chacras de Coria (Mendoza, Argentina)

“…The social composition of suburbia has changed. However, this is one of the main differences with the Anglo-American 9 For a detailed analysis of the reasons behind choosing to live in gated communities in Argentina, see Roitman (2010).…”

So ograjene skupnosti za stanovalce nepogrešljive?

“…Edward J. Blakely (1999) (Ellin, 2001;Webster, 2001;Stoyanov in Frantz, 2006;Roitman, 2010, ter Ülkü in Erten, 2013, nedvomno pa se bodo s tem dvignile tudi cene nepremičnin v OS (Blakely, 1999, ter Bible in Hsieh, 2001). Opomba: OSH = ograjena skupnost Hamravat (n = 33), OSG = ograjena skupnost Gekušagi (n = 27); * p < 0,05.…”