Gastrointestinal Reactions during a Noise Avoidance Task

Davis, R. C.; Berry, Franklin M.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1963.12.1.135

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Our results on amplitude and frequency failed to demonstrate any difference in stomach activity between avoidance and passive-noise siruations. While differences in design between Stern's experiment and the present research may account for discrepancies in results, our failure to confirm Davis and Berry's ( 1963) finding is more difficult to reconcile. Their study, like the present one, used yoked control and experimental Ss.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…W e did find a difference between noxious-tone trials and no-tone trials during the avoidance-task period. This finding of a lower amplitude for noxious tone (stress) trials than for no-tone trials is in general disagreement with Davis and Berry's ( 1963) and Stern's ( 1966) findings of lower activity during passive experience of noxious tone than under avoidance responding, assuming that the latter condition is the more stressful one.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Adaptation of stomach potential frequency may be expected to occur more easily from baseline to passive reception of noxious tone than from baseline to avoidance responding. Davis and Berry (1963) and Stern (1966) found increases in activity, as reflected in stomach potential amplitude, during avoidance of a noxious tone as compared to the passive experience of a noxious tone. Our results on amplitude and frequency failed to demonstrate any difference in stomach activity between avoidance and passive-noise siruations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Davis and Berry (1963) found that a noise-avoidance task resulted in more motility than did passive reception of the same noise stimulus. Stern (1966) in a study of gastrointestinal motility amplitude and latency obtained results supporting those of Davis and Berry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Relationship between Somatization and Effects of Stress on Electrogastric Waveforms in Humans

Smith

Hain

1970

Psychol Rep

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Electrogastric waveforms of human Ss were examined in relation to conditions oE response contingent avoidance of a noxious tone, altered feedback of successful and unsuccessful avoidance, non-response contingent aversive stimulation and somatization scores on the Mini-Mult Test. Significant differences were observed in eleccrogastric waveform frequency measures between baseline and tone periods. There was a significant difference for amplitude measures between trials based o n presence and absence of tone, and in the inreraction between presence and absence of tones and the personality characteristic of somatization. A trend was observed for amplitude in an interaction effect of successful vs unsuccessful avoidance and high vs low somatization.In research by Brady, et al. ( 1958), rhesus monkeys undergoing avoidance conditioning developed gastric disorders. Post mortem analysis revealed the presence of severe ulceration in all experimental Ss, with no such indication of pathological condition evidenced in yoked control animals. This research suggested that stress produced by response-contingent avoidance situations is manifested in gastrointestinal activity. Brady ( 1963) commented that there is a consistent decrease in gastric acidity during such stress-producing periods. Since gastric acidity and motility usually have a positive association (Stern, 1966), one might expect response-contingent stimulation to produce decreased gastric motility. Such results were obtained by White ( 1964) in a study on humans, where a decrease in amplitude of "20-sec. cycle" gastric activity occurred during an avoidance situation.Other investigations, however, have yielded results different from those of Brady and White. Davis and Berry (1963) found that a noise-avoidance task resulted in more motility than did passive reception of the same noise stimulus. Stern (1966) in a study of gastrointestinal motility amplitude and latency obtained results supporting those of Davis and Berry. Stern's results indicated that, during a response-contingency task, motility amplitude was greater and latency more brief than under random-noise conditions. Fedor and Russell ( 1965) designed an experiment to analyze in greater detail the effect of response-contingent situations and gastric motility. During an avoidance task similar to Davis and Berry's method, Ss could avoid an aversive auditory stimulus if a key was pressed at certain time intervals. This procedure made it possible to analyze different gastrointestinal reactions for successful and unsuccessful trials. In this study, amplitude of gastric motility decreased significantly when avoidance of the noise was successful. These results suggest chat motility increases under stress and that it may be the operation of cognitive feedback in response-contingent or stress situations that affects stomach motility.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Relationship between Somatization and Effects of Stress on Electrogastric Waveforms in Humans

Smith

Hain

1970

Psychol Rep

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“…This experimental method has been applied to pairs of human Ss, one of whom was able to press a button to avoid a strong auditory stimulus to both, while the other S was a passive control (Davis & Berry, 1963). The "executive" members of the pairs were shown to have a significantly greater amplitude of gastric contractions than the control Ss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Adrenocortical Stress Responses in Naval Aviators during Aircraft Carrier Landing Practice

et al. 1970

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Serum Cortisol levels were measured in 9 Navy pilots and their flight officers during aircraft carrier landing practice in the two-man F-4B jet aircraft. The pilots showed an unequivocal adrenocortical stress response; the flight officers did not. The complex and hazardous task of carrier landing appears to be a considerably greater stress on the “executive” naval aviator (the pilot in control of the aircraft) than on his passive partner, although both are exposed to the same dangers. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the active versus the passive role as a determinant of stress intensity in human Ss exposed to naturally occurring stress situations.

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Surface Gastrograms as Measures of Gastric Motility

Hölzl

1983

Psychophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract

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Gastrointestinal Reactions during a Noise Avoidance Task

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Relationship between Somatization and Effects of Stress on Electrogastric Waveforms in Humans

Relationship between Somatization and Effects of Stress on Electrogastric Waveforms in Humans

Differential Adrenocortical Stress Responses in Naval Aviators during Aircraft Carrier Landing Practice

Surface Gastrograms as Measures of Gastric Motility

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