Differential Adrenocortical Stress Responses in Naval Aviators during Aircraft Carrier Landing Practice

Rubín, Robert T.; Miller, Robert G.; Arthur, Ransom J.; Clark, Brian R.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1970.26.1.71

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Over the years, a body of research has documented physiologic stress responses to diverse military environments including naval aviation ( 26 ), basic combat training ( 25 ), dive training, special operations ( 23 ), and other acute training-related scenarios ( 31 ). In turn, a line of research investigating individual differences in responses to military survival training has begun to explore this area.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trait Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol During Free Living and Military Stress

Taylor¹,

Reis²,

Sausen³

et al. 2008

asem

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Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that negative affect is associated with elevated cortisol. Limited research has investigated this association in young, highly functioning, and stress-resilient populations. Methods: We examined the relation of trait anxiety with total and diurnal salivary cortisol during free-living conditions and during a stressful military exercise in 26 military men ages 19 -30 yr (M 5 21.6, SD 5 2.3). Salivary cortisol was assessed at fi ve time points over 2 consecutive days of free-living measurement, and three time points during a stressful military experience. Trait anxiety was measured with the trait portion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1 -3 wk prior to the military exercise. Results: Total cortisol concentrations were similar between men reporting high or low anxiety during free-living conditions (8.6 6 3.2 vs. 7.4 6 2.8 nmol z L 2 1 , respectively, P . 0.05), and military stress (21.3 6 7.3 vs. 19.0 6 7.0 nmol z L 2 1 , respectively, P . 0.05). The diurnal cortisol profi le differed signifi cantly ( P 5 0.04) between these men during the free-living condition, but not the stressful military experience ( P . 0.05). Specifi cally, during free living, men with low anxiety exhibited a diurnal cortisol pattern that peaked in the early morning, decreased precipitously during the midmorning, and continued to decrease throughout the day, reaching a nadir in the evening. By contrast, the cortisol pattern of high-anxiety men remained elevated and signifi cantly higher than their low-anxiety counterparts during the midmorning, decreased more slowly throughout the day, and reached its lowest level in the evening. Results were not substantially altered following adjustment for sleep duration or wake time. Conclusion: These fi ndings suggest that trait anxiety infl uences the diurnal cortisol pattern in young, apparently healthy men during free-living conditions, but does not predict the cortisol response to uncontrollable military stress. Keywords: stress , hormones , diurnal patterns . S TRESS IS BROADLY defi ned as an imbalance inphysiological systems that activates both physiological and behavioral responses to restore balance ( 6 ). The physiologic stress response, in turn, is generally believed to be regulated by at least two closely related systems -the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system. The sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system involves preganglionic sympathetic fi bers that directly innervate the adrenal medulla, prompting the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). The HPA system is a complex set of interactions between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands. Upon detection of threat, emotional responses are generated in cortical and limbic (e.g., amygdalar and hippocampal) brain structures, which, in turn, triggers the activity of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone, which then activates the anterior pituit...

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confidence: 99%

Trait Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol During Free Living and Military Stress

Taylor¹,

Reis²,

Sausen³

et al. 2008

asem

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“…Although both the pilots and the RIO's were exposed to the same dangers, the executive naval aviators (pilots) had the greater corticosteroid responses (22). The results of our present study indicate that the role of responsibility was a major factor in the magnitude of the adrenal cortical stress response in the naval aviators.…”

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confidence: 49%

The Stress of Aircraft Carrier Landings

Miller

Rubín

Clark

et al. 1970

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Serum and urine cortisol levels were measured in Navy pilots and their flight officers during aircraft carrier landing practice in the two-man F-4B jet aircraft. The pilots showed a considerable adrenal cortical stress response; the flight officers did not. The complex and dangerous task of carrier landing appears to be a greater stress on the pilot in control of the aircraft than on his passive partner. These findings suggest that in acute stress situations, assigned role and responsibility may become dominant factors in the hierarchy of psychoendocrine control of adrenal cortical responses.

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“…Los estudios del estrés derivados del modelo fisiológico y médico de Selye dividen claramente las condiciones en estresores y respuestas; en esta misma lógica, existen investigadores que intentan agregar elementos del contexto social o laboral a dicho modelo, aunque lo que realmente hacen es darle el valor de estímulo estresante a la sobrecarga de trabajo, al ruido, la iluminación, la monotonía en el trabajo, entre otras cosas, todo ello tras los estudios de Bridges y Jones (1967) y Jones, Bridges y Leak (1970) quienes revisaron las respuestas de distintas personas ante distintas fuentes de estrés y encontraron relaciones directas entre la sobrecarga de trabajo (cuantitativa y cualitativa) y la elevación de niveles de ACTH y cortisol. Animados con este tipo de trabajo los investigadores médicos del estrés enfocaron sus estudios hacia los soldados que se encontraban en entrenamiento ( Janis, 1951;Janis, 1958;Rubin, Miller, Arthur y Clark, 1970;Rubin, Rahe, Clark y Arthur, 1970) y encontraron que durante las etapas iniciales de entrenamiento los paracaidistas mostraban niveles elevados de estrés, caracterizados por aumento de concentración sérica de la hormona ACTH y que éstos disminuían a medida que el paracaidista avanzaba en su entrenamiento.…”

Section: Estrésunclassified

Medicina Condutual: Teoría y Práctica

Reynoso-Erazo¹,

Gálvez²

2014

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Differential Adrenocortical Stress Responses in Naval Aviators during Aircraft Carrier Landing Practice

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Trait Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol During Free Living and Military Stress

Trait Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol During Free Living and Military Stress

The Stress of Aircraft Carrier Landings

Medicina Condutual: Teoría y Práctica

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