Gastrointestinal radiography with glucagon

Abstract

This report summarizes the results of nine diagnostic radiographic studies done double blind crossover comparing glucagon to placebo and to anticholinergic drugs in volunteers. In seven studies the subjects were administered drug intramuscularly and in two studies intravenously. There were five diagnostic studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract, one for esophageal varices and three of the colon. The results indicate that glucagon can be given intramuscularly and intravenously. When given intravenously it has a rapid onset and predictable length of action depending on the dose given. Reports of side effects were few consisting primarily of nausea and or vomiting. These results indicate that glucagon is the drug of choice for hypotonic diagnostic examinations.

Glucagon — Its application to childhood gastrointestinal radiology

“…The minimal occurrence of side effects is encouraging for the use of glucagon in children. The safety of the drug is evidenced by approval of home usage in the treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic children [3,4].…”

“…Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects reported in adults with a dosage of 2 mg [4,5]. Other infrequent side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, weakness, headaches, and abdominal stress.…”

Effect of Mobile Phase Composition on Selectivity in Preparative Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatographic Purification of Glucagon

“…It is a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 29 amino acids. It is known to possess several pharmacological effects, such as a spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle and an inhibitory Miller, 1979). Glucagon is used for the treatment of hypoglycaemia owing to its metabolic effects (e.g.…”

Oral peppermint oil is a useful antispasmodic for double‐contrast barium meal examination

“…Antispasmodics, such as anticholinergic agents and glucagon, are frequently used for gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiology. Using these antispasmodics increases the diagnostic quality of DCBM, 1,2 but adverse effects are possible, including cardiovascular problems, dry mouth, temporary visual impairment, urinary retention, anaphylactic reaction, hyperglycemia and reactive hypoglycemia 2–5 . Therefore, antispasmodic use is contraindicated for patients with heart diseases, narrow‐angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy and/or diabetes mellitus.…”

“…Using these antispasmodics increases the diagnostic quality of DCBM, 1,2 but adverse effects are possible, including cardiovascular problems, dry mouth, temporary visual impairment, urinary retention, anaphylactic reaction, hyperglycemia and reactive hypoglycemia. [2][3][4][5] Therefore, antispasmodic use is contraindicated for patients with heart diseases, narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy and/or diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, these drugs usually must be given intravenously or intramuscularly.…”