Gastrointestinal NematodesAscaris, Hookworm,Trichuris, andEnterobius

Holland, Celia V.

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0199

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…T. trichiura larvae attach to the intestinal villi and develop into adult worms, which then migrate and reside in the cecum and colon. However, after migration and molting, adult A. lumbricoides worms colonize the upper small intestine [ 45 ]. We hypothesize that the variations in colon bacteria observed in our study are associated with T. trichiura infection because of the colonization of same site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of the gut microbiota in mothers and children with chronic Trichuris trichiura infection in Pemba Island, Tanzania

et al. 2021

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Background Soil-transmitted helminthiases are important neglected tropical diseases that result in a notably high number of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Characterizing the interactions between the human intestinal microbiome and helminths is of interest in the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on chemotherapeutics and do not lead to drug resistance. Methods We recruited and obtained fecal samples from 32 pairs of mothers and children on Pemba Island and monitored their intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results We observed that microbial changes occur in the gut microbiota of infected mothers and children. Some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria exhibited lower abundance in the infected individuals. Potentially pathogenic Campylobacter and proinflammatory Methanobrevibacter in infected mothers and opportunistic Enterococcus in infected children exhibited greater abundance. Conclusions Our findings could reveal the microbiota profiling in T. trichiura-infected individuals, indicate the potential roles of key microbiota in the host and aid to the development of novel strategies to control T. trichiura infection. Graphic abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of the gut microbiota in mothers and children with chronic Trichuris trichiura infection in Pemba Island, Tanzania

et al. 2021

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“…Eggs can remain viable for several years in warm, moist soil. 24 Trichuris trichiura is transmitted through a faecal-oral cycle in which infective embryonated eggs typically are ingested via contaminated food or hands, and hatch into larvae that moult in the small intestine. Unlike A. lumbricoides, Trichuris does not include a migratory phase outside the intestine ( Figure 2B).…”

Section: Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs pass in the stool and embryonate in the soil, where they can survive in warm, moist conditions for months. 24,26 Ancylostoma duodenale and N. americanus larvae are free-living in the soil, and infect humans by attaching to and penetrating the skin, typically through bare feet. The larvae are transported by lymph and blood to the right side of the heart and the pulmonary circulation ( Figure 2C).…”

Section: Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larvae feed on organic matter, and become infective after rapid moulting to L2 and L3 larvae that can survive for several weeks. 24 In addition to percutaneous infection, A. duodenale can also infect humans through ingestion of larvae, resulting in Wakana syndrome, especially in heavy infections. Hookworms may also remain dormant in connective tissue or muscle.…”

Section: Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil-transmitted helminth infections

et al. 2018

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More than a quarter of the world's population is at risk of infection with the soil-transmitted helminths Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Infected children and adults present with a range of medical and surgical conditions, and clinicians should consider the possibility of infection in individuals living in, or returning from, endemic regions. Although safe and effective drugs are donated free to endemic countries, only half of at-risk children received treatment in 2016. This Seminar describes the epidemiology, lifecycles, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, management, and public health control of soil-transmitted helminths. Previous work has questioned the effect of population-level deworming; however, it remains beyond doubt that treatment reduces the severe consequences of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. We highlight the need for refined diagnostic tools and effective control options to scale up public health interventions and improve clinical detection and management of these infections.

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“…Epidemiologically, A. lumbricoides is the most common of the soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans, currently affecting over a quarter of the world's population 1,2 (see Chapter 13). Epidemiologically, A. lumbricoides is the most common of the soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans, currently affecting over a quarter of the world's population 1,2 (see Chapter 13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%