Gastrointestinal flora in iron-deficient piglets

Larkin, H.; Hannan, John H.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31761-2

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The most likely scenario points to the necessity of iron for normal gastric secretion. In the other words, the incidence of neonatal diarrhea in anemic calves may be a reflection of the alteration in gastric function and consequently imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota, as was previously described in irondeficient piglets (Larkin and Hannan, 1985;1983). A similar explanation may exist for the observation that acidification of milk with dilute hydrochloric acid was effective in reducing diarrhea in anemic calves (Blaxter et al, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The major findings indicate that IGF-I could influence the growth and development of intestines, respectively their morphological and functional maturation after binding to respective receptors as also shown in neonatal calves (Georgiev et al, 2003;Hammon and Blum, 2002). Additionally, malabsorptive changes and the incidence of diarrhea in anemic calves could have resulted from changes in the IGF-I induced nutrient uptake (Donovan et al, 2004) or from a lack of iron-dependent enzymes (Nadadur et al, 2008;Larkin and Hannan, 1985). However, gut growth and function are also modified by blood hormones and growth factors and by postprandial release of intestinal and pancreatic humoral factors (Blum and Baumrucker, 2002;Guilloteau et al, 2002;Blum and Hammon, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A high incidence of diarrhea is a commonly detected in irondeficient piglets (Larkin and Hannan, 1983). Changes in the morphology, function and bacterial microbiota of the small intestine have also been recorded (Larkin and Hannan, 1985). Although a significant incidence of anemia in neonatal calves has been reported by many investigators (Prodanovic et al, 2014;Morel 1996;Okabe et al, 1996;Pare et al, 1993;Bosted et al, 1990), no attention has been devoted to their possible involvement in diarrhea outbreaks of these animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia

Prodanović¹,

Nedić²,

Radanović

et al. 2019

VET GLASNIK

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Introduction. Neonatal calves are often deficient in iron. Accumulating evidence indicates that iron status is associated with disease pathologies including diarrhea. Our objective was to examine the association between iron status and gut function in neonatal calves with and without a history of calf diarrhea. Materials and Methods. Calves were divided into two groups based on their history of diarrhea; the first group were diarrheic calves (n=6) and the second group were nondiarrheic healthy calves (n=6). Blood samples (n=12) were collected at day 12 of age and erythrogram determination and measurements of serum iron and total iron binding capacity were performed. Hematological values were measured using an automatic analyzer, and biochemical properties were determined spectrophotometrically. Fecal samples were obtained from all calves and pH measured using semi quantitative test strips as well as being examined by bacterial cultivation for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens, by RT-PCR for the presence of bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus, and by microscopy for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum. Results and Conclusions. There were significant iron-related changes for most hematological indices in diarrheic calves; and iron (Fe) deficiency and microcytic, hypochromic anemia were diagnosed. The pH of the feces was significantly higher in diarrheic calves than in the non-diarrheic healthy group (P<0.01). All fecal samples were negative for the analyzed enteric pathogens. According to the results obtained, calves experiencing iron

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia

Prodanović¹,

Nedić²,

Radanović

et al. 2019

VET GLASNIK

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“…A marked impairment of the gastric secretion of chlo− ride acid and atrophic gastritis occurs in iron−deprived pig− lets (40). Villous atrophy of the small intestine (41) and changes in gastrointestinal flora also occur in iron−deficient piglets which may contribute to the increased susceptibility to diar− rhoea (42). The gut contents at several sites in iron−deficient animals has a higher pH and contain greater numbers of coliforms, lactobacilli, total aerobes and total anaerobes (42).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Villous atrophy of the small intestine (41) and changes in gastrointestinal flora also occur in iron−deficient piglets which may contribute to the increased susceptibility to diar− rhoea (42). The gut contents at several sites in iron−deficient animals has a higher pH and contain greater numbers of coliforms, lactobacilli, total aerobes and total anaerobes (42). Iron deficiency decreases energy dependent intestinal reab− sorption, which can cause malabsorption of disacharides and leads to diarrhoea (7).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply of iron in piglets with colostrum/milk of sows using iron (IV) clatrochelate

Derkach

Деркач

Dukhnytskyi

et al. 2021

Nauk. vìsn. vet. med.

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Many works of both Ukrainian scientists and foreign are devoted to the study of the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in piglets as one of the most common non-communicable diseases of pigs. However, the development of new effective antianemic drugs is still relevant today. We have previously proposed a scheme for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, based on intramuscular parallel administration of solutions of iron (IV) clatrochelate and cyanocobalaminе to pregnant sows 14 and 7 days before the expected farrowing. This scheme was effective in the absence of stillbirth and clinical signs of anemia in piglets. The aim of our next study was to investigate the content of iron in the milk of sows using iron (IV) clatrochelate during pregnancy. To achieve this goal, 2 groups of sows (hybrids of Landrace and Great White breeds) were formed during their pregnancy and kept with suckling piglets - control and experimental, 5 animals in each. Sows in the experimental group were injected twice (14 and 7 days before expected farrowing) with 10 ml of 10% iron (IV) clatrochelate solution and cyanocobalaminе solution (at the dose recommended by official instructions) twice during pregnancy. Sows of the control group were injected with isotonic sodium chloride solution in conventional doses. During the experiment, the sows of the experimental group during pregnancy (after drug administration) and during the feeding of piglets did not differ in behavior and general condition from the sows of the control group. The study of the dynamics of hemoglobin and morphological parameters of the blood of sows in the control and experimental groups did not reveal significant differences. The content of iron in colostrum / milk of sows of the experimental group during the first seven days after administration was significantly higher compared to the control: 1 day 1.5 times, 4 days 2.1 times and 7 days 2.8 times. Therefore, the proposed scheme for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in piglets is highly efficientand based on the intake of iron with colostrum/milk of sows. Key words: anemia, injection, macrobicyclic complex, prophylaxis, pigs, cyanocobalaminе.

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Peroral iron supplementation can be provided to piglets through a milk cup system with results comparable to parenteral iron administration

Jakobsen

Pedersen

Amdi

2021

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to investigate if iron can be allocated to piglets through sow milk replacer fed in a milk cup system with efficacies comparable to intramuscular (IM) administration of 200 mg gleptoferron. Two hundred and ninety-four piglets from 21 litters were allocated to three different iron treatments (n = 98). The treatments were 1) Control (CON) provided no supplemental iron, 2) Injected iron (II) provided 200 mg gleptoferron IM on day 3 postpartum, and 3) Milk iron (MI) provided sow milk replacer “DanMilk Supreme” added 1 % “Piglet Boozt” ad libitum from day 0 until 21 days postpartum. All piglets had access to dry feed from day 6. Initial and final body weight was registered and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were analyzed on day 0, 3, 7, 10, 17, and 21 after farrowing. In order to correlate drinking pattern with Hb level and growth, video cameras were installed, and drinking pattern was recorded on day 18 postpartum. A blood sample was drawn from piglets from three litters per treatment on day 21 for a complete hematology profile. The results showed that iron treatment had an effect on Hb levels (P < 0.001) that were different between all groups from day 10, resulting in a mean Hb level of 76.2 g/L (CON), 120.9 g/L (II), and 105.4 g/L (MI) on day 21. The mean Hb level for both MI and II was above the anemia threshold of 90 g/L and the Hb level of the II group was above 110 g/L and the piglets thus defined as normal. Treatment had a significant effect on Hb, hematocrit (hct), mean corposcular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), lymphocytes (%), neutrophils (bill/L) (P < 0.05), neutrophils (%) (P < 0.01), with CON being significantly different from MI and II that were similar or tended to differ. Total visits at the cup was not correlated to Hb level (r = 0.08) and growth was not affected by treatment (P = 0.99). It is concluded that iron can be supplemented to piglets through a milk cup system with efficacies comparable to parenteral administration of 200 mg gleptoferron.

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Gastrointestinal flora in iron-deficient piglets

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia

Occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia

Supply of iron in piglets with colostrum/milk of sows using iron (IV) clatrochelate

Peroral iron supplementation can be provided to piglets through a milk cup system with results comparable to parenteral iron administration

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