Gastrointestinal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease which affects patients of various age. Hyperglycemia induces damage of vascular endothelium, development of chronic inflammation, organic and functional lesions in several systems and organs. The principal gastroenterological complaints linked to the manifestation of the disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, and vomiting. However, complications in the alimentary system may manifest exclusively by difficulties in reaching normoglycemia and numerous persistent episodes of hypoglycemia. The most frequent complication of diabetes mellitus affecting the alimentary tract involves gastroparesis and disturbances in pancreatic function. Diabetes may also aggravate other coexisting diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux or periodontitis. Subject-based references accentuate also a significantly more frequent manifestation together with diabetes of other autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease or autoimmune gastritis. Also, a hepatic microangiopathy and increased incidence of certain tumors, linked to the manifestation of insulin resistance, may be regarded to represent complications of long-term diabetes. Rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment may significantly improve a patient's quality of life and influence the prolonged control of glycemia. Nevertheless, this requires a rigorous analysis of the signs and clinical condition of a patient as well as individualization of recommendations and therapy.

Effect of High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress on Paraoxonase 2 Expression and Activity in Caco-2 Cells

“…Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and is considered a risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases. Moreover, gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus have been described [12,13]. Among dietary factors able to trigger oxidative stress in intestinal cells, there are consumption of high glycemic index foods and intake of advanced glycation products [14][15][16].…”

Effect of Streptozotocin-Inducted Diabetes on the Pathophysiology of Enteric Neurons in the Small Intestine Based on the Porcine Diabetes Model

“…One of the more troublesome digestive tract complaints occurring as a complication of diabetes is abdominal pain [5,59]. Nociception information is sent from the GI tract to the brain via a multistep pathway.…”

there any association of metabolic disturbances with joint destruction and pain?

“…В частности, 60% больных СД2Т испытывают хроническую боль, связанную со снижением толерантности к глюкозе [162]. Кроме того, у больных СД2Т часто наблюдается боль в спине, верхних и нижних конечностях, абдоминальная и нейропатическая боль [163][164][165]. Боль в крупных суставах при СД2Т может быть обусловлена диабетическим инфарктом мышц [166].…”