Gastrointestinal Absorption of Plutonium and Uranium in Fed and Fasted Adult Baboons and Mice: Application to Humans

Bhattacharyya, Maryka H.; Larsen, R.P.; Cohen, Nathan W.; Ralston, L.G.; Moretti, E.S.; Oldham, R.D.; Ayres, L.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080397

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, in both humans and rodents, the overall gastrointestinal absorption of U is low; however, studies report the percentage of U absorption is higher in humans (~0.2-6%) than rodents (~0.04-0.8%) (Sullivan, 1980;Harrison and Stather 1981;Sullivan, et al, 1986;Wrenn et al, 1989;Bhattacharyya et al, 1989;Zamora et al, 2003). Humans are exposed to U via multiple routes (e.g., inhalation, food, etc.,), whereas mice in this study were only exposed to U through drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal uranium immunotoxicity following a 60-day drinking water exposure to uranyl acetate in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Bolt

Medina

Lauer

et al. 2019

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Historical uranium (U) mining in the Southwestern United States resulted in significant environmental contamination throughout this region and presents a significant risk of chronic metal exposure and toxicity for communities living in close proximity to mine waste sites. Uranium exposure is associated with numerous deleterious health effects including immune dysfunction; however, its effects on the immune system have yet to be fully characterized. We recently published that drinking water exposure to U, in the form of uranyl acetate (UA), results in overall low tissue retention of U (<0.01%), with very little accumulation in immune organs (blood, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus) of male and female mice. In the present study we characterized the immunotoxicity of U, in the form of UA, following a 60-day drinking water exposure to 5 and 50 ppm in male and female C57BL/6J mice. The following immunotoxicity endpoints were evaluated: hematology, immune tissue weights and total cell recoveries, immunophenotying of the spleen and thymus, and immune cell function (lymphocyte mitogenesis and T-dependent antibody response). Uranium exposure had subtle impacts on the immune endpoints evaluated, likely due to low U accumulation at these sites. The only significant alterations were a slight decrease in the percentages of splenic natural killer T-cells and macrophages in exposed male mice. Despite minimal immunological effects, this study highlights the importance of investigating toxicological endpoints in both sexes and developing accurate animal models that model epidemiological exposures in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal uranium immunotoxicity following a 60-day drinking water exposure to uranyl acetate in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Bolt

Medina

Lauer

et al. 2019

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…Several factors have been identified to significantly influence the tissue retention of U. It has been reported that fasting animals absorb 10 times more U than non-fasting animals [ 24 ]. It has also been found that dietary iron (supplement and deficiency) can significantly increase U absorption [ 10 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal uranium accumulation in lymphoid tissues following an oral 60-day uranyl acetate exposure in male and female C57BL/6J mice

et al. 2018

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High levels of uranium (U) exist in soil, water, and air in the Southwestern United States due, in part, to waste generated from more than 160,000 abandoned hard rock mines located in this region. As a result, many people living in this region are chronically exposed to U at levels that have been linked to detrimental health outcomes. In an effort to establish a relevant in vivo mouse model for future U immunotoxicity studies, we evaluated the tissue distribution of U in immune organs; blood, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus, as well as femur bones, kidneys, and liver, following a 60-d drinking water exposure to uranyl acetate (UA) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Following the 60-d exposure, there was low overall tissue retention of U (<0.01%) at both the 5 and the 50 ppm (mg/L) oral concentrations. In both male and female mice, there was limited U accumulation in immune organs. U only accumulated at low concentrations in the blood and bone marrow of male mice (0.6 and 16.8 ng/g, respectively). Consistent with previous reports, the predominant sites of U accumulation were the femur bones (350.1 and 399.0 ng/g, respectively) and kidneys (134.0 and 361.3 ng/g, respectively) of male and female mice. Findings from this study provide critical insights into the distribution and retention of U in lymphoid tissues following chronic drinking water exposure to U. This information will serve as a foundation for immunotoxicological assessments of U, alone and in combination with other metals.

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“…Literature values indicate fractional absorption in the range of 5 × 10 -3 - 2 × 10 -2 . Uranium uptake was found to be substantially greater in animals under fasting condition (Bhattacharyya et al, 1989). …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALIMENTARY TRACT ABSORPTION (f 1 VALUES) FOR RADIONUCLIDES IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL FALLOUT FROM NUCLEAR TESTS

et al. 2010

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This paper presents gastrointestinal absorption fractions (f 1 values) for estimating internal doses from local and regional fallout radionuclides due to nuclear tests. The choice of f 1 values are based on specific circumstances of weapons test conditions and a review of reported f 1 values for elements in different physical and chemical states. Special attention is given to fallout from nuclear tests conducted at the Marshall Islands. We make a distinction between the f 1 values for intakes of radioactive materials immediately after deposition (acute intakes) and intakes that occur in the course of months and years after deposition, following incorporation into terrestrial and aquatic foodstuffs (chronic intakes). Multiple f 1 values for different circumstances where persons are exposed to radioactive fallout (e.g. local vs. regional fallout and coral vs. continental tests) are presented when supportive information is available. In some cases, our selected f 1 values are similar to those adopted by the ICRP (e.g. iodine and most actinides). However, f 1 values for cesium and strontium derived from urine bioassay data of the Marshallese population are notably lower than the generic f 1 values recommended by ICRP, particularly for acute intakes from local fallout (0.4 and 0.05 for Cs and Sr, respectively. The f 1 values presented here form the first complete set of values relevant to realistic dose assessments for exposure to local or regional radioactive fallout.

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Gastrointestinal Absorption of Plutonium and Uranium in Fed and Fasted Adult Baboons and Mice: Application to Humans

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Minimal uranium immunotoxicity following a 60-day drinking water exposure to uranyl acetate in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Minimal uranium immunotoxicity following a 60-day drinking water exposure to uranyl acetate in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Minimal uranium accumulation in lymphoid tissues following an oral 60-day uranyl acetate exposure in male and female C57BL/6J mice

ALIMENTARY TRACT ABSORPTION (f 1 VALUES) FOR RADIONUCLIDES IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL FALLOUT FROM NUCLEAR TESTS

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